Beijing Government's Participation In The International Opium Conventions In The Republican Era

The government of China,during the period of Beijing Regiment of Republican China,China began to participate in the International Opium Conventions.Since the late Qing Dynasty,Chinese society has been poisoned by opium,and the problem of domestic anti-smoking is prominent,so it is urgent to carry out international cooperation on anti-opium.During this period,the convening of the international opium conference and the emergence of the relevant conventions became an opportunity for China to participate in the International Opium Conventions.At the same time,the upsurge of the domestic anti-opium movement has also promoted China's participation in the International Opium Conventions.In the early years of the Republic of China,the Beijing government continued to participate in the Hague International opium conference,signed and ratified the Hague International Opium Conventions,and also participated in the discussions of the Geneva International opium conference and the relevant conventions in the 1920 s.After contacting and concluding the International Opium Conventions,the national anti-opium Federation,national anti-opium Congress,national anti opiumassociation and other domestic anti-opium organizations were established,and relevant ban opium work was carried out in China,which promoted the implementation of the Convention in China.At the same time,the domestic ban opium legislation of Beijing government has also been improved,and has begun to integrate with the international community.In terms of domestic ban opium legislation,in combination with International Opium Conventions and relevant suggestions,a series of ban opium laws and regulations have been formulated and improved in such aspects as seed prohibition,embargo,smoking prohibition,morphine crime treatment,business license,etc.,which has promoted the improvement of China's ban opium legislation.In addition,when participating in the establishment of the international opium Committee and the activities of its relevant international organizations,the Beijing government prepared according to the requirements of the international community,and actively made comments on the international opium Committee and put forward anti-opium suggestions,which further deepened the connection between China and the international opium affairs.In terms of the characteristics of Beijing government's participation in the International Opium Conventions in theRepublic of China,on the one hand,it is China's conscious and active participation in the international opium cooperation,which plays a special role in actively promoting the international opium cooperation.On the other hand,in terms of the content and scope of the International Opium Conventions,Beijing government's participation in the opium convention has both equality and inequality Nature.Beijing government's participation in the international smoking ban convention has achieved certain results.It has started the pace of China's formal participation in the International Opium Conventions,and promoted the cooperation between domestic and international ban opium affairs.At the same time,it further improved China's modern ban opium system and promoted the development of the anti opium movement in this period.In addition,the International Opium Conventions that Beijing Government participated in enriched the types of international conventions that China participated in since the late Qing Dynasty,and promoted the further development of international social governance.However,during the period of Beijing government,the corruption of officials and the weakness of the central government fettered the implementation of the International Opium Conventions.In addition,China's banopium industry has always been unable to get rid of the power politics.In a word,when participating in the international opium affairs,China should fully learn the experience and lessons of Beijing government's participation in the International Opium Conventions,vigorously carry out international opium cooperation,establish a stable and powerful central government,and resolutely safeguard the ban opium sovereignty.