| The development of China's railway transportation started in the late Qing Dynasty,but due to the serious loss of the right of way,there are quite some problems in the attributes,technology and management of domestic railways.In the early years of the Republic of China,the emergence of railway intermodal business not only added content to China's railway transportation,but also brought some new problems to be solved,which constituted the domestic background of Beijing Government's participation in international conventions related to railway transportation in the Republic of China.At the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century,the emergence of international railway organizations and their contacts with China made it possible for the Beijing Government of the Republic of China to further participate in the international conventions related to railway transportation and integrate into the international community,which became the international background for its participation.After the establishment of the International Union,Beijing Government has organized and discussed the participation of the First International Transport Conference and the Second International Transport Conference,and dispatched personnel to attend and discuss the Convention on International Railway Transport(Draft),which has made an important contribution to the formation of the original convention.However,due to a lot of scruples about the contents of the convention and the internally unstable political situation,China finally missed the signing date of the contracting party,so it could only join the international railway transport convention in the form of follow-up.In addition,Beijing government has also participated in other international conventions related to railway transportation,involving various aspects such as railway transportation prohibition of prohibited goods,railway freight,military transportation,road transportation,etc.These reflect the process of China's active participation in international affairs,but limited by its own national conditions and zigzagging in line with international rules.At the same time,Beijing government also strives to promote the implementation of international conventions at home.The Ministry of Communications has successively established relevant agencies such as the International Transportation Affairs Office and the Dispatching Vehicle Affairs Office.Laws and regulations on passenger and freight transportation responsibility,unified railway construction and driving technologies,and prohibition of the transportation of prohibiting goods have come out one after another.The negotiations on citing the provisions of the Nine Nations Convention to resist foreign interference in China's independent right to set its own freight rates are also in full swing.During this period,China Railway's international intermodal transportation business developed,China and Japan established a cargo intermodal transportation,and the eastern railway's passenger transportation revenue also gradually increased.International regulations and China's railway transportation are closely integrated during this period,which has promoted the modernization of China's railway transportation.Beijing Government's participation in railway transport related conventions in the Republic of China has obvious two sides.On the one hand,we can see China's deeper pursuit in the process of integrating into the international community,that is,while seeking to break away from the shackles of unequal treaties and improve its international status,it also actively seeks to change its status from an international rule participant to an influencer.On the other hand,due to the international status as the first consideration factor,the actual problems of railway transportation are often not paid enough attention,coupled with domestic political instability and public opinion doubts,in fact,China's acceptance of relevant international conventions is relatively low. |
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