Research On Pardon System In The Early Qing Dynasty

As a punishment leniency system,the pardon system is an important supplement to the ancient Chinese strict laws and an important part of the ancient Chinese judicial system.To some extent,the pardon system embodies the "benefits" of the ruler,which is conducive to the ruler's manifestation of virtue and enthusiasm.In addition,appropriate pardons can also alleviate social conflicts and maintain social stability to a certain extent.Therefore,the pardon system had an important role in ancient Chinese society.The Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in ancient China.When the amnesty system developed over the millennia to the Qing Dynasty,it had formed a relatively mature system with unique social characteristics.The purpose of this article is to discuss the form of the amnesty in the early Qing period,the main content of the amnesty,the characteristics of the amnesty and the social effects of the amnesty,to clearly show the whole picture of the amnesty system in the early Qing Dynasty.In the early Qing Dynasty,the Qing army entered the customs,and the ethnic minorities replaced the Hans and began to rule the Central Plains.In order to gain the recognition of the Central Plains people,alleviate class contradictions,and stabilize social order,the rulers of the early Qing Dynasty actively studied the legal ideas of the Han nationality for better realization Regarding the rule of the whole country,under such circumstances,amnesty became an important means for the Qing rulers to adjust social policies and maintain their ruling order.Compared with the previous dynasty,the amnesty system in the early Qing Dynasty has gradually matured and improved.The content and form of amnesty are also more abundant and diverse.In addition to the traditional amnesty,qu,and amnesty systems,new forms of punishment have been added.Reductions and exemptions,such as autumn trials,redemption,and confession of confession,etc.Although these systems and measures were not designed for pardon,they played a role that could not be ignored in the early Qing penalty.The amnesty in the early Qing Dynasty had astrong sense of compassion,and in the specific implementation,it reflected the combination of the three,which helped to adjust the contradiction between "law" and "reason".Another major feature of the pardon in the early Qing period was the pardon privileges granted to the flag people,such as the death penalty exemption system and the crime exemption system specifically for the flag people,which made the pardon pardon in the early Qing period to have a certain ethnic bias.On the basis of inheriting the former dynasty,the amnesty system in the early Qing Dynasty was adjusted accordingly according to its own situation,and a relatively complete system of amnesty was formed.It helps rulers to establish an image of "benevolence and virtue",highlights the virtue of ruling,and also helps to make up for lack of laws and ease social contradictions.However,in the Qing dynasty,where the feudal monarchy autocratic system reached its peak,it was inevitably affected by the subjective factors of the emperor,and it also inevitably undermined the fairness and justice of the legal system.