Peculiarity Of Ming Dynasty's Governance In The Tibetan Areas: Research On Modes Of Ancient Central Governments' Governance In Tibetan Areas

On the basis of the available documents about Tibet in Han Dynasty and of the broad reference and absorption of revelant research works in and abroad, through macroscopic study, synchronous and asynchronous comparison, the thesis has done deep systematic analysis and research on the background of the policies of governing Tibetan areas in Ming Dynasty, and of revelant political, economical, religional, cultural measures, etc, further shown that the Ming Dynasty' s governing policies in Tibetan areas, On the whole, not only accorded with its own power and force, but also accustomed themselves to the past and current situation, thus proving to be a relatively successful mode of governance in Tibetan areas by ancient: central governments.The thesis consists of five parts. First, ming Dynasty s replacement of Yuan Dynasty Symbolized another shift of ancent central-area governments, in a deeper sense, the shift of central governing peoples and the broken former national relationships at home. The final formation of Ming Dynasty' s governance mode in Tibetan areas accorkingly woukd succeed the traditions of Yuan Dynasty governance in the same areas and also fit in with the changed subjective, objective situation. Secon, the thesis takes the governance structure in the Tibetan areas and the administration of monds and priests, officials as an angle for research. . Through synchronous and asynchronous comparison, it reveals the Ming Dynasty political rule over these areas distinguished from the former dinestjes or over other areas, and considered simultaneously the pluralism of Tibetan society: incompulsory political control over the Tibetan areas on the whole, but different intensities of control over different areas. That is: the farther from the central areas, the weaker the control was. With the Tibetan areas as a part of Ming Dynasty' s territory, the principles of political rule never loosened because of theunique characteristics of Tibetan areas. Third, differences of traditional production and life styles between Tibetan and central areas, mutual supply with the other' s need are objective requirements of the areas of different types of economics. The Ming rulers took the objective requirements as a point of penetration for their rule, with the economical approaches to make up for the difficiencies of its political and military functions, thus furthered the healthy development of Han-Tibetan political relationships. Fourth, through discussion about Ming Dynasty' s religional and cultural policies in Tibetan areas, the thesis holds that those religional policies in nature, by virtue of their secular function, serve political purposes with different emphasises: on the former one, because of its function of moral instruction, on the latter one, because of its lessening ignorance and remedying stupidity, and more significantly of its assistance to the officials to rule the people, to assimilate the non-Han nations at the same time with confucianistic culture. Fofth, a concise conclusion is drawn upon the merits and demerits of governance in the Tibetan areas and upon what has enlightened the later generations historically. Besides, the thesis has analyzed expounded to prove some specific and controversial problems, further presented a few new opinions.