A Study On Tombs Of The Song Dynasty In Southwest China

The "Song" in this paper refers to the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties.The tombs of the Song Dynasty in Southwest China refer to the tombs found along the Fourth Route of Sichuan and Shaanxi in the areas ruled by the two Song regimes.Archaeological findings reveal that the tombs of the Song Dynasty in southwest China are mainly brick-chambered tombs and stone-chambered tombs.Brick-chambered tombs are mainly distributed in the Chengdu Plain.Stone-chambered tombs are mainly popular in hills and mountains around the Chengdu Plain,extending southward,eastward and northward.The plain-form of the tombs is mainly rectangular,divided into single,double and multi-chamber.The ceramics,bronze mirrors,coins,tomb-guarding Taoist scripts and land purchase vouchers are accompanied by funerals,among which the tomb-guarding Taoist scripts have the most regional characteristics and have strong Taoist color.The decoration the tombs of the Song Dynasty in Southwest China is mainly concentrated in stone-chambered tombs.Common contents include four gods,flowers,eight diagrams pattern,Buddhist statues and figure images,etc.Character images include feast pictures,poetic drama and dance accompanied by music picture,trip pictures,opening doors pictures,filial piety pictures,etc.Among them,the pictures of feast picture,poetic drama and dance accompanied by music picture,trip maps and so on have a strong flavor of life,showing the dietary characteristics,entertainment and way of travel of the residents in Southwest Song Dynasty.The pictures of filial piety,eight diagrams pattern and Buddhist statues are the reflection of the spiritual beliefs of the residents in Southwest Song Dynasty.Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism are the most typical religious beliefs in this period.The Song tombs in Southwest China have obvious regional characteristics,among which burial customs such as the same grave,different burial places,paying more attention to "sacrifice",suspension and cremation are quite characteristic.This paper is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is the exordium,which defines the four routes ofSichuan-Shaanxi and the Song Dynasty from two aspects of geographical scope and time scope.Based on the comprehensive collection of archaeological excavation data,this paper combs the research situation of Song Tombs in Southwest China by scholars at home and abroad,and uses archaeological typology,archaeological and cultural factor analysis,"image evidence history" and "double evidence method" as the main research methods to study the tombs of Song Dynasty in Southwest China.This paper makes a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the tomb form,decoration and the funerary objects in Song Dynasty,and probes deeply into the social life and spiritual beliefs reflected by the tomb decoration,as well as the funerary customs and handicraft production reflected by the funeral objects in Song Dynasty.In Southwest China,the Song Dynasty was inhabited by many nationalities,and the determination of the ethnic affiliation of the tombs was still unclear.The second chapter divides the tombs of Southwest Song Dynasty into brick-chambered tombs and stone-chambered tombs according to the collected tomb data,and carries on the analysis and research,showing the regional characteristics of the distribution of brick chamber tombs and stone chamber tombs and the mutual influence between tombs.The number of ceramics is the largest,and bronze mirrors,coins,land vouchers and tomb-guarding Taoist scripts are also found.This chapter elaborates the burial objects according to the categories of ceramics,metal objects and inscriptions.The combination of town grave vouchers and land vouchers reflects the strong Taoist thought and has obvious regional characteristics.In the third chapter,the decorative contents of Song Dynasty tombs in Southwest China are specially classified and analyzed.The decorative contents of Song Dynasty tombs in Southwest China are divided into two categories: spiritual belief and social life decoration,and the social material life and spiritual world of residents in Southwest Song Dynasty reflected by the decorative contents of tombs are explored.The pictures of kitchen chart,banquet plan,poetic drama and dance accompanied by music picture,travel and opening doors in the tomb decoration vividly depict the scenes of life with a strong secular flavor,showing people's diet characteristics,entertainment and trip mode.It not only reflects the traditional customs and habits of residents in Southwest China,but also reflects the infusion of cultural factors in otherareas of the Song Dynasty.It had an impact on the social life of the Song Dynasty residents in southwest China.The carved stone decoration of the tomb also reflects the true reproduction of the historical facts of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism in the Southwest of Song Dynasty,and reflects the social thoughts and spiritual beliefs of the residents in the Southwest of Song Dynasty.The fourth Chapter makes a comparative study of Song tombs in Southwest China with other areas.By comparing Song tombs in Southwest China with those in North China,Southeast China,South China and Lianghu and their surrounding areas,understanding the exchange of burial culture between Southwest China and other parts of the country,and reveals that Song tombs in Southwest China have the unity of Song Tombs in China,also have its uniqueness,grasps the Southwest Song Tomb's status in the whole country.In terms of funerals,Song tombs in Southwest China reflect the funeral culture of the same grave,emphasizing "sacrifices",ceasing funerals and cremation.In terms of funerary objects,ceramics,bronze mirrors,iron coins,gold and silver objects in the tombs of Southwest China show the development of ceramics and metal manufacturing industry in Southwest China;Huzhou mirrors unearthed in the tombs reflect the commercial trade between Southwest China and other areas in Song Dynasty.The fifth chapter is the conclusion,which summarizes the main points of the paper and obtains of understanding.This paper summarizes the folk cultural characteristics of Song tombs in Southwest China,explains the influence of historical tradition,politics and economy on religious beliefs in Southwest China in Song Dynasty,and emphasizes the extensive existence of necropolis in Song Dynasty society,which is closely related to people's economic income and ideological beliefs at that time.