Study On The Campaign To Eliminate Counterrevolutionaries Of The Hongze County In Jiangsu Province(1956-1959)

Hongze County is a fisherman's county in the northern part of Jiangsu Province.In 1956,it was established by the People's Republic of China State Council on the basis of the principle of "Setting up administrative divisions by the lake".At the beginning of its establishment,Hongze County ushered in the first nationwide political campaign in its history,the movement to eliminate all hidden anti-revolutionary,namely "Campaign to Eliminate Counterrevol-utionaries".On July 1,1955,The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Directive About the Struggle to Clear the Hidden Counterrevolutionary'(which was called "July 1"Directive for short),hereafter the Campaign to Eliminate Counterrevolutionaries was launched with great fanfare throughout the country.The Campaign to Eliminate Counterrevol-utionaries in Hongze County began in September 1956 and ended in August 1959.It lasted three years and was led by the five-member team of the Hongze County Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.261 units and more than 7,000 people in the county have been divided into four batches for the campaign,including government agencies,cultural and health institutions,grassroots production and management units,as well as grassroots and township(People's Commune)grassroots management agencies.The Campaign to Eliminate Counterre-volutionaries of Hongze County has gone through three stages:the beginning,the full-scale development,and the ending of the aftermath.Each batch of the movement was basically carried out in four parts:survey queuing,mass struggle campaigns,project work,screening and verdicting the cases.At the ending period of the movement,it mainly carried out reexamination,inspection and acceptance work along with a series of aftermath work,consequently made the elimination campaign start well and end well,according to the policy of the central government along with the provincial and the municipal Party committees.This article focuses on the history of social ecology evolution in Hongze County,combs and elaborates The Campaign to Eliminate Counterrevolutionaries of this county under the national background.In combination with the sociological theory of "social integration",this article attempts to analyze the political movement and its social influence of Hongze County which was an ordinary county in the northern part of China's northern Jiangsu Province in the 1950s.This article is divided into three parts:Introduction,Text,and Conclusion.There are four chapters in the text:The first chapter mainly introduces the history of social ecology since the Republic of China.To Provide social background knowledge for the study of the local eliminating counterrevolutionaries campaign,this chapter briefly introduces the natural,political,and economic factors in the region,as well as the establishment and basic conditions of Hongze County after its founding.Chapter 2 gives a brief overview of the origins and development of the eliminating counterrevolutionaries campaign in the country.Based on this,it elaborates on the beginning of this movement in Hongze County,which mainly describes the situations that Hongze County was involved in the movement at the beginning of its establishment,including establishing a leading mechanism of the campaign,organizing staff members and carrying out material preparations.The third chapter mainly sorts out the different stages of the eliminating counterrevolutionaries campaign in Hongze County,elaborating on the development and methods of the four batches of the movement tasks in Hongze County,and discusses the participants,organizational strength,and movement steps of the campaign in each batch.Various aspects are elaborated in order to highlight the characteristics and changes of the movement in Hongze County.The fourth chapter summarizes the ending work of the eliminating counterrevolutionaries campaign in Hongze County,and combines the central eliminating counterrevolutionaries policy,to explore the actual operation of the project and screening work,the inspection and acceptance of the movement missions,dealing with the objects and materials as well as archives work of this movement in the grassroots.The conclusion part mainly summarizes the process and characteristics of the campaign in Hongze County,and attempts to analyze the politics,culture,and economy of the local society in Hongze County newly established in the 1950s combining with the"social integration" theory.The eliminating counterrevolutionaries campaign of Hongze County is a microcosm of the national movement in 1950s.This article intends to analyze the real situation and influence of the political movement through the case studies.