| Dealing with the associations between positive affect and negative affect to maintain a relatively stable emotional state,is one of the important prerequisites for the body to maintain balance,it is also an important condition for promoting individuals’ mental health(Schimmack,2005).At present,the research on the emotional adaptation of left-behind children is mostly based on the deficit model.However,with the development of positive psychology and resilience research,researchers have begun to pay attention to the positive development of left-behind children.In this context,it is especially important for rural left-behind children to explore the protective factors that can increase the positive affect and reduce the negative affect.In both-parent migrant families,grandparents play a primary caregiving role by serving as functional substitutes for parents.The positive relationships between grandparents and left-behind children may serve as a non-negligible influence in their grandchildren’s emotional adaptation.With the increased age,the need of close friends for children also increased.According to the social support theory,other relationships may become an increasingly important provisional resource when the parent-child relationship is poor.For the left-behind children who are relatively lacking of parental care,it remains unknown whether the friendship quality and grandparent-grandchild cohesion could interact to influence children’s positive/negative affect.The current study aims to explore this question among children with two migrant parents and those with nonmigrant parents.A total of 557 rural children participated in the current study,including 310 children from both-parent-migrant/grandparents caregiver families and 247 children from nonmigrant families.The participants were asked to complete the questionnaires of grandparent-grandchild cohesion,friendship quality,and positive/negative affect.The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of grandparent-grandchild cohesion,friendship quality and positive/negative affect,the effects of grandparent-grandchild cohesion,friendship quality on the children’s affects,respectively.Moreover,considering the potential differences between children withtwo migrant parents and those with nonmigrant parents,we also examined the moderating role of friendship quality between grandparent-grandchild cohesion and children’s positive/negative affect.The main findings are as follows:1.The level of intimacy exposure and communication of friendship quality of left-behind children is significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children;girl’s intimacy exposure and communication,affirmation value were higher than that of boys,and girl’s conflicts and betrayal of friendship quality were lower than that of boys.There are no other significant left-behind status and gender differences in grandparent-grandchild cohesion,positive/negative affect in left-behind children and non-left-behind children.2.Grandparent-grandchild cohesion was directly and positively associated with children’s positive affect,negatively associated with children’s negative affect.3.The trust and support of friendship quality was positively associated with children’s positive affect,companionship and entertainment,affirmation value of friendship quality was not only positively associated with children’s positive affect,but also negatively associated with children’s negative affect;conflicts and betrayal of friendship quality was negatively associated with children’s positive affect,and positively associated with children’s negative affect.4.Left-behind status can moderate the associations between friendship quality and children’s positive affect: the trust and support from friends can positively predict children’s positive affect,and the predictive effect on non-left-behind children is higher than that of left-behind children.For non-left-behind children,intimacy exposure and communication can significantly predict positive affect,but this predictive effect is not significant among left-behind children.5.Friendship quality can moderate the associations between grandparent-grandchild cohesion and children’s negative affect: for left-behind children,regardless of whether the trust and support of friendship quality are high or low,grandparent-grandchild cohesion can significantly and negatively predict their negative affect.For non-left-behind children,regardless of whether their friends’ trust and support are high or low,grandparent-grandchild cohesion can not significantly predict their negative affect.For left-behind children,regardless of whether the affirmation value of friendship quality are high or low,grandparent-grandchild cohesion can significantly and negatively predict their negative affect.Fornon-left-behind children,regardless of whether their friends’ trust and support are high or low,grandparent-grandchild cohesion can not significantly predict their negative affect. |
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