The Study Of Water Conservancy System In Dian Lake Basin In Ming And Oing Dynasties

The Dian Lake Basin has a lot of rivers,which made it to be the economical center of Yunnan Plateau.But the spatial and temporal disparities between natural water and agricultural irrigation.restricted the development of agricultural economy,which made the governor of Ming and Qing Dynasties work hard at water conservancy.Base on research of river system and water conservancy projects,we could know the forming process of water conservancy project system and discuss the systematic management about farmland irrigation system.Different perception about the river system in Dian Lake Basin influenced the build of water conservancy.Before the Qing Dynasty,water conservancy projects which were large controlling water conservancy projects was focus on the main stream.But in Qing Dynasty,many regional water conservancy projects were build in Dian Lake Basin which were aim at farmland irrigation.In a word,rivers in Dian Lake Basin give attention to flood control and irrigation.Firstly,the Panlong River and its 9 divarications were mainly responsible for flood controlling,which made the land on both side of the river was irrigated by Jinzhi and Yinzhi River.Secondly,the other rivers in Dian Lake Basin all aimed at irrigation.It also formed a kind of irrigation pattern in the process of water irrigation,which described as Rivesr-Dams-Channels-Ponds:river supply water,dams control water,channels draw water and ponds store water.It could eliminate spatial and temporal disparities between natural water and agricultural irrigation with the operation of the irrigation pattern.The building of water conservancy projects were mainly focus on Emperor Kang-Yong and Guangxu.The most channels and part of other projects were mainly build in Emperor Kang-Yong,which formed a complete water conservancy irrigation network.Each river sections in Dian Lake Basin has formed different irrigation pattern:irrigation with a single water conservancy project in upstream,irrigation with Rivers-Dams-Channels-Ponds in midstream,flood control and irrigation in downstream.It formed a series of water distribution an management system in the operation of water conservancy projects.Firstly,it formed two water distribution systems called Water Distributed by Pai and Orderly irrigated in SmallArea,which consisted by time of water distribution,distributed volume and the order of water use.Secondly institutionalized water conservancy rules,yearly and overall repair system and water right management organization formed the systematic water conservancy management system.The two water right management organizations,Xunshui-Paitou System and Shuizhang System,were respectively related with two water distribution systems.The water conservancy projects built on the base of river system perceiving worked together under the management of complete water conservancy institution,which formed a complete water conservancy system.