The Water Conservancy And Regional Society Of Xiaoshao Plain In Ming And Qing Dynasties

This dissertation focuses Xiao-Shao Plain(????)through investigating the formation and evolution of regional water conservancy systems and communities as the starting point,exploring the development of the water conservancy project in Xiao-Shao Plain during the Ming and Qing dynasties,as well as the processes of interest appeals and game for central government,local society,gentry,and ordinary people.On this basis,this dissertation also examines the influence of different stakeholders on the development of water conservancy system and the regional societies.The first part analyzes the formation and evolution of water conservancy system under the background of course change of the Puyang river in the Xiao-Shao plain.The second part focuses on the operation and maintenance of the water conservancy system of Xiao-Shao plain that includes Sanjiang Sluice(???),West river wall(???)and Maxi dam(???)in the Ming and Qing dynasties.This part also analyzes the interaction between nature,human and society,exploring the history of water conservancy society from the perspective of regional water conservancy cooperation.Full text is decomposed into three elements of seawall-Sluice-dam by the analytical framework of system-structure-function,dynamically investigating the function of each elements in regional development and social organization.Firstly,the dissertation looks back into the development of the Xiao-Shao plain and the formation of local water conservancy system.This development has gone through a process from the southern mountains to the northern coastal plain,in which the gradual construction of the coastal dike and ponds in the Tang and Song Dynasties and the rise of lake water conservancy in the middle of the plain created a favorable condition for this development.Under the background of increasingly tense regional land resources,the shield between lakes and land has become the main contradiction of Xiao-shao plain's original water conservancy in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.To the middle of the Ming Dynasty,Pu Yang river remerged into the Qian Tang River,and the construction of the Sanjiang sluice made the former inner river and lake water network integrated into one,and then built into a complete water conservancy system.The gradual construction of the sluice reflected the spatial process of regional development.As a landmark project of Xiao-shao plain's original water conservancy system,the construction and maintenance process of the Sanjiang sluice was also an important node of regional social relations.The dispute over the three counties in the late Kangxi period concentrated on the interests and games of all parties under the background of natural environment changes,revealing the impact of the dynamic natural environment changes on the cooperation relationship of regional water conservancy.The construction of West river wall started from a single county in Xiaoshan to three counties of Shanyin(??),Kuaiji(??)and Xiaoshan(??)involving,and then it was fully taken over by the central government in the Qianlong period.Under the background of geographical and environmental changes,the intervention of different powers,such as the state,local government and the gentry group,collaborated and conflicted around the matters of engineering organization,fund raising,management and maintenance.In the late Qing Dynasty,the establishment of the water conservancy association was the sign of different powers becoming organized.Around the long-term controversy caused by Maxi dam,it reflected the game between middle Tianle Village(????)and Xiao-shao plain.In addition to the role of basic environment,issues such as the construction of local power and the operation of grassroots administrative politics were intertwined.In order to fundamentally solve the problem,it was not only necessary to rely on the improvement of engineering and technical means,but also required the combination of economic and social measure.