A Comparative Study On The Mental Health Of The Retired And The Unemployed In Xi’an

Objective:To understand the current situation of reemployment of retired elderly in the urban area of Xi’an,analyze and compare the mental health status and influencing factors of reemployment and non employment of different professionals after retirement,so as to provide beneficial physical and mental life style and reemployment suggestions for retired elderly,and provide basis for alleviating social pension burden.Methods:From November 2018 to February 2019,450 retired corporate employees,public institutions and civil servants aged 50-70 in three urban areas of Xi’an were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method.The researchers used self-designed general situation questionnaire,the mos 12-item short form health survey(SF-12),social support revalued scale(SSRS),memorial university of newfoundland scale of happiness(MUNSH)and geriatric depression scale(GDS)for retirees conduct a unified guidance collective test,issue the questionnaire on the spot,and collect it after completion.Fifteen retirees with different occupations and free time were selected for semi-structured interview.All data were recorded and analyzed by SPSS 22.0,using mean standard deviation,median,interquartile distance,frequency and percentage,etc.,t test,Chi-square test and non-parametric rank sum test were used in the hypothesis test.The influencing factors were analyzed by one-way Anova,Spearman correlation analysis,binary Logistic regression analysis and multivariate Regression analysis.Results:(1)Xi’an’s healthier retirees are more willing to take up jobs again.Of the450,298(66%)were willing to re-enter the workforce and 167(37%)were re-entering the workforce.Low rate of re-employment of those with chronic diseases and grandchildren(?2 =26.511,p<0.05;?2 =31.772,p<0.05).(2)The quality of life,social support,subjective well-being and depression scores of the re-employed elderly were better than those of the non-re-employedelderly,(t=-7.571,p<0.05;t=-5.595,p<0.05;Z=-4.554,p<0.05;Z=-7.183,p<0.05)(3)There were significant differences in the scores of quality of life,social support,subjective well-being and depression among different occupational retirees(F=20.50;F=32.77;H=41.67;H=12.46,p<0.05),the scores of quality of life,subjective well-being and social support of retired corporate employees were lower than those of retired institutional staff and public officials,while the scores of depression were higher than those of the latter two(P <0.05).(4)Depression of retired elderly is negatively correlated with subjective well-being,quality of life and social support(rs=-0.764;rs=-0.690;rs=-0.416,P<0.01),subjective well-being,quality of life and social support were positively correlated(rs=0.618;rs=0.482;rs=0.482,P<0.01)(5)The influencing factors of binary Logistic regression analysis on the re-employment of the retired were re-employment willingness,caring for grandchildren,chronic diseases,quality of life and depression.(6)Re-employment is a common factor influencing the quality of life,social support and depression of the retired elderly.(7)Interview results: The main reasons for reemployment of retired elderly are bored after retirement,irregular life,etc.,the main purpose is to enrich leisure time,and dedicate themselves to society;lack of reemployment channels for retired elderly;Depending on health status,manual workers believe that the retirement age should maintain the status quo,and mental workers believe that a flexible retirement system should be implemented.Conclusion:(1)In the urban area of Xi’an,the healthy retirees without major diseases have a higher re-employment rate,but the re-employment channels are lacking,mainly due to the re-employment of their former work units and the introduction of their friends,as well as the lack of assistance and support from the state and society.(2)Compared with the non-re-employed elderly,the re-employed elderly have better mental health,and the mental health level of retired enterprise employees is lower thanthat of public institutions and civil servants.(3)The re-employment of the retirees is mainly influenced by such factors as re-employment willingness,caring for grandchildren,chronic diseases,quality of life and depression.At the same time,re-employment is a common factor influencing the quality of life,social support and depression of the retired elderly.