| Objective: Cataracts are one of the most common eye diseases that cause vision loss and one of the leading causes of blindness.According to a 2017 Global Burden of Diseases(GBD)survey study,worldwide,cataract Disability-adjusted Life-years(DALYs)increase with age,60 years of age are about 57 times that of the 25-year-old.Age-related cataract is a multifactorial disease,and its development is related to exposure to ultraviolet radiation.As we all know,human eyes are exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation every day.The factors that affect the amount of ultraviolet radiation that enters the eyes are in addition to atmospheric composition,solar elevation angle(SEA),latitude,altitude,clouds,and reflectance.Facial anatomy is also one of the important factors.With the increase of age,the facial soft tissues and skeletal structures are aging,and the facial morphology of young and old people has obvious changes.The facial morphological characteristics of old people are flatter than those of young people.The incidence of cataract in women is higher than that in men.Therefore,we will focus on facial features of the elderly and young people from the perspective of cataract eye UV radiation exposure.25-year-old and 60-year-old3 D head models of Mongolian and Caucasian females provided by FaceGen software were used to 3D print young and elderly 3D facial morphology models,respectively,to perform eye ultraviolet radiation exposure monitoring and daylight exposure simulation to explore The effect of facial morphological differences at different ages on the level of UV exposure in the eyes provides a new basis for protection of the awareness of the high prevalence of cataract in old age.Methods: The 3D average face provided by FaceGen Modeller software can accurately express the anatomical structure of young and elderly faces.3D printing was used to construct 3D facial morphological models of Mongolian and Caucasian women aged 25 and 60,and placed in the rotating ocular UV exposure model.We selected a wide square in the mining park of Fuxin(42.00° north latitude,121.69° east longitude)in Fuxin,Liaoning Province,China as the monitoring site.Ocular UV exposure of young and elderly female models of Mongolian and Caucasian races was monitored from June 27,2019 to July 8,2019.With the model facing the sun as thestarting position for rotation,the turntable rotates clockwise and uniformly for one cycle,and collects data every 6°,and collects 60 clockwise data per revolution,with a time interval of 7-8 min.The monitoring data was converted into excel format by "AvaSoft 7.8 for USB2.0" software,and the exposure intensity of UVA,UVB and UVR bands of the environment at different time points was obtained,and the unit was W/m2.Combine the radiation intensity with the exposure time to calculate the cumulative dose of ocular UV radiation.3ds Max software was used to build the 3D OMIADL of Mongolian and Caucasian female youth and elderly.The model was rendered according to the daylight system,and the simulation date was set to Sanya June 21,2019.Day(summer solstice day,the largest SEA),output rendering results.And use MATLAB 2018 a software to read the gray value of 45 pixels on the exposed part of the left pupil in the rendered picture and its average value.Results: 1.The ocular UV exposure intensity bands showed a bimodal curve with time,and a unimodal curve with SEA.The ocular UV exposure intensity of the Mongolian 25-year-old and 60-year-old model peaked at about 50° in the SEA.The25-year-old and 60-year-old model of the Caucasian models have UV radiation intensity peaking at about 44° in the SEA.2.When the SEA is less than 60 °,there is almost no difference in the intensity of ocular UV radiation exposure of Mongolian and Caucasian 25-year-old and 60-year-old female facial models;when the SEA is between 60 ° and 71.19 °,the ocular UV exposure intensity of the 60-year-old model is greater than 25 years.3.The 25-year-old and 60-year-old models have a relatively large difference in exposure to UV radiation at a rotation angle of 150° facing the sun,and the average reduction rate increases with increasing SEA;The average reduction rate in the range of rotation angles from 282° to 354° is greater than the range of 0° to72°.4.When the SEA is less than 60°,the ocular simulated gray values of the Mongolian 25-year-old and 60-year-old models have almost no difference;When the SEA is 60° to 80°,the range of rotation angles with differences gradually increases;When the SEA is in the range of 80° to 85°,the ocular exposure simulated gray value of the 25-year-old model is lower than that of the 60-year-old model in the range of rotation angles of 0° to 78° and 294° to 360°.When the SEA is less than 65°,the ocular simulated gray values in the 25-year-old and 60-year-old models of theCaucasian are only slightly different;In the range of SEA65° to 77°,the ocular exposure simulated gray value of the 25-year-old model was lower than that of the60-year-old model in the range of 0° to 66° and 318° to 360°.5.The 3D OMIADL of the Mongolian 25-year-old and 60-year-old models are 72.09° and 75.00°,respectively;The 3D OMIADL of the 25-year-old and 60-year-old Caucasian models are 55.65° and 60.25°,respectively;The maximum receiving angle of the incident light on the temporal side of the eyes of both race models is larger than the the nasal side.6.The difference in ocular UV radiation exposure between the young and old female facial models is related to 3D OMIADL to some extent.7.In the same time frame,the cumulative hourly dose of ocular UV radiation of a 60-year-old female facial model is greater than that of a 25-year-old female facial model.Conclusion: Due to the difference in facial morphology between young and elderly females,the 3D OMIADL of the elderly is larger than that of the young,when the SEA is about 60 ° to 72 ° and the range of 150 ° rotation angle facing the sun,the ocular UV radiation exposure intensity of the elderly female model is higher than that of the young model. |
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