Analysis Of The Factors And The Body Injuries Of Asphyxia Due To Neck Compression Cases

Objective:This study was designed to research the relationship between the factors and the neck injuries of asphyxia due to neck compression cases,and explore the differences between hanging and ligature strangulation,ligature strangulation and manual strangulation.The purpose is to provide the scientific basis for the judgement of the cause of death and the nature of the case.Methods:All the statistics were collected from cases between the year of 2000-2018 in Kunming and Qujing region,including 97 cases of hanging,56 cases of ligature strangulation,and 72 cases of manual strangulation,and calculated by spss23.0.The K-S test was used to test for normal distribution,and the t test was used for the age distribution.Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of neck injuries.The Fisher's exact probability method and chi-square test were used to explore the differences between hanging and ligature strangulation,ligature strangulation and manual strangulation.Results:(1)Statistical analysis was carried out on 225 cases of asphyxia due to neck compression,the basic characteristics are as follows:more men,more middle-aged people(41-50 years of age),tend to occur in March,April and May,more bedroom,no additional cause of death,more nylon rope in 97 hanging cases;more women,more young people(21-30 years of age),tend to occur in September,October and November,more residence,with additional means such as smothering,more nylon rope in 56 ligature strangulation cases;more women,more young people(21-30 years of age),tend to occur in December,January and February,more residence,with additional means such as smothering in 72 manual strangulation cases.(2)In 97 hanging cases,the appearance of different peri-ligature injuries depends on the nature and texture of hanging material.Soft and firm material mainly caused bruise,hard material mainly causing abrasion.The position of the ligature mark as high as the thyroid cartilage was a factor in the likelihood of hyoid bone fracture in hanging.We noted a greater prevalence of laryngo-hyoid fracture in those over the age of 40 years in hanging.In 56 ligature strangulation cases,the appearance of the bruise and hyoid bone fractures depends on the nature and texture of ligature material.Firm material caused the highest rate of bruise and laryngo-hyoid fracture in ligature strangulation cases.The position of the ligature mark above the thyroid cartilage was a factor in the likelihood of hyoid bone fracture in ligature strangulation.In 72 manual strangulation cases,thyroid cartilage fractures were more common in male manual strangulation than female manual strangulation.(3)Differences between hanging and ligature strangulation:Male hanging was more common than female hanging.However,there were more female than male ligature strangulation cases.The deceased were older in hanging than ligature strangulation.Usually,the ligature mark was above the thyroid cartilage in hanging,lying horizon of the thyroid cartilage in ligature strangulation.The peri-ligature injuries were more common in hanging.Some neck injuries and asphyxia phenomena were more common in hanging than ligature strangulation.Hyoid fractures were more common in ligature strangulation than hanging.(4)Differences between ligature strangulation and manual strangulation:Some neck injuries and asphyxia phenomena were more common in manual strangulation than ligature strangulation.Thyroid cartilage fractures were more common in manual strangulation than ligature strangulation.Conclusions:(1)The basic characteristics of the asphyxia due to neck compression cases are as follows:more men and more middle-aged people in hanging cases,more women and more young people in strangulation cases,hanging cases didn't have an additional cause of death,strangulation cases often involve additional means,nylon rope was the commonest type of ligature material used.(2)There are notable differences between hanging and ligature strangulation such as age,gender,the position of the ligature mark,peri-ligature injuries and hyoid fractures,which can help distinguish between these causes of death.(3)Thyroid cartilage fractures were more common in male manual strangulation than female manual strangulation.Thyroid cartilage fractures can help distinguish between ligature strangulation and manual strangulation.