| Objectives:To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of anxiety and depression,life style of junior middle school students in Shanghai and explore the relationship between them,and to provide bases for developing mental health education.Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to investigate 1597 junior middle school students from 6 junior middle schools in 6 districts and counties of Shanghai city.Adopting a self-designed questionnaire,Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items(PHQ-9),Chinese Adolescent Lifestyle Scale(CALS),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)and The Self-Esteem Scale(SES),Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(CERQ-C),Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC)and Family Assessment Device(FAD)as the questionnaire,anxiety,depression,lifestyle and other related factors were measured.Adopting statistical software SPSS 21.0 to carry on the statistical analysis,and calculating the detection rate of anxiety and depression.Adopting the chi-square test and post-hoc test(Bonferroni)to compare the detection rate of anxiety and depression based on different demographic variables and related factors;Adopting independent sample rank sum test and post-hoc test(Bonferroni)to compare the detection rate of anxiety and depression based on different demographic variables and related factors;Adopting independent samples t test or analysis of variance and post-hoc test(Bonferroni)to compare total score of life style based on different demographic variables and related factors;Adopting Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis to explore the relationship between anxiety,depression and life style as well as other related factors.Results:(1)Shanghai junior middle school students'anxiety and depression detection rate was 16.4%(262 cases)and 17.2%(274 cases).The junior middle school students'anxiety and depression detection rate difference based on different grades(X2=34.978,22.679),character(x~2=20.076,10.000),scores(x 2=42.203,42.788),parents'education attitude consistency(x~2=34.239,70.129),family structure(x~2=14.451,30.779),parents'marital status(x~2=11.941,30.779),family atmosphere(x 2=60.572,79.080),family economic status(x 2=16.522,35.852)and parenting style(x~2=21.783,47.722)was statistically significant(Ps<0.05);gender(x~2=2.216,0.104),whether the one child(x~2=0.324,0.001),whether consulted in the school psychological counseling room(x~2=0.009,2.496),father's education level(x~2=2.924,0.009),mother's education level(x~2=2.582,0.106),father's occupation(x~2=6.709,10.301)and mother's occupation(x 2=10.089,8.759)have no significant effect on anxiety and depression of junior middle school students(Ps>0.05).(2)Based on different gender(Z=-2.612,-1.610),grades(x~2=85.953,66.023),character(Z 2=41.846,26.740),scores(x~2=31.098,61.976),parents'education attitude consistency(x~2=48.601,100.822),family structure(x~2=23.866,30.779),parents'marital status(Z=-4.974,-5.383),family atmosphere(Z=-6.827,-7.694),family economic status(x~2=25.309,39.570),parenting style(x 2=22.802,55.305),the differences of students'anxiety and depression level have statistical significance(Ps<0.05);There were no statistically significance in the differences of students'anxiety and depression level(Ps>0.05)based on whether the one child(Z=-1.515,-0.259),whether consulted in the school psychological counseling room(Z=-0.310,-0.083),father's education level(x~2=0.357,0.680),mother's education level(x~2=0.680,1.409),father's occupation(x~2=5.796,8.913)and mother's occupation(x~2=3.548,6.546).Grade(F=24.900),character(F=22.658),scores(F=70.878),parents'education attitude consistency(F=79.449),family structure(F=8.196),parents'marital status(t=3.762),family atmosphere(t=7.757),family economic status(F=40.527),parenting style(F=12.939),father's education level(F=4.180),mother's education level(F=4.319)had significantly influence on the life style level ofjunior middle school;Gender(t=0.027),whether the one child(t=-0.779),whether consulted in the school psychological counseling room(t=-1.483),father's occupation(F=1.832),mother's occupation(F=2.050)had no significant effect on the life style level of junior middle school students.(4)the GAD-7 score,PHQ-9 score and CALS diet factor score,sleep state factor score,health habits factor score,study habits factor score,physical exercise factor score,entertainment factor score,Interpersonal relationship factor score,coping style factor score and life satisfaction factor score were negatively correlated(-0.57?r?-0.15,Ps<0.001).(5)The anxiety/depression and ASLEC scores,positive cognitive emotion regulation mode,negative cognitive emotion regulation mode,family overall function correlation score were positive correlated.But there is a negative correlation between the anxiety/depression and SES score(-0.40?r?-0.59,Ps<0.001).(6)Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that CALS sleep state factor scores and life satisfaction scores and extrovert personality,self-esteem has a negative prediction on the scores of GAD-7(?=-1.299,-1.456,-0.626,-0.055;P,Ps<0.05),health habit factor scores and life events and negative cognitive emotion regulation mode,family atmosphere,introverted personality,gender has a positive prediction on the score of GAD-7(?=0.710,0.108,0.892,1.172,0.779,0.470;Ps<0.05);Sleep state factor scores,life satisfaction scores,diet factor scores had a negative predictive effect on the scores of PHQ-9(?=1.429,-1.481,-0.546;Ps<0.05),life events and negative cognitive emotion regulation mode,neglecting type of parenting mode,family atmosphere has a positive predictive effect on the scores of PHQ-9(?-0.094,0.931,1.422,0.932;Ps<0.05).Conclusions:Junior high school students in Shanghai showed a certain degree of anxiety and depression,and the overall level of lifestyles is good,junior middle school students'anxiety and depression were significantly related to lifestyle.Lifestyles included sleep state and life satisfaction have a negative predictive effect on anxiety of junior middle school students,health habit have a positive predictive effect on anxiety;Sleep state,life satisfaction,eating habits have a negative predictive effect on anxiety and depression of junior middle school students.In addition,life events,negative cognitive emotion regulation mode,self-esteem has a certain predictive effect on anxiety and depression ofjunior middle school students.At the same time,introverted personality,family atmosphere,gender,and extroverted personality have a negative predictive effect on anxiety;Careless,indifferent parenting style and family atmosphere have a positive predictive effect on depression. |
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