| Objective:As China's aging problem intensifies,the health problems of the elderly are getting more and more attention from the society.As a vulnerable group,the elderly need to receive support and attention from many aspects,and promoting the health of the elderly is more important for the development of the social economy and the realization of the healthy China strategy.This study analyzes the health self-assessment status of the elderly in Beijing community and its influencing factors,in order to provide reasonable and effective suggestions and countermeasures for better responding to aging and improving the health of the elderly.Method:The three districts of Xicheng District,Chaoyang District and Tongzhou District of Beijing were selected as the survey sample area.In each sample area,according to the two-stage sampling method,the sub-districts were firstly numbered to the community,randomly selected,and the corresponding number was selected.The community is the sample community for this survey.According to the population composition of each district,14 communities in Xicheng District are surveyed,20 communities in Chaoyang District,and9 communities in Tongzhou District.The elderly households are randomly selected from the community,and only one questionnaire can be completed in the same household.A total of1083 elderly people with 60-year-olds with Beijing household registration were selected as research subjects,and questionnaires were conducted in the form of household surveys.In order to analyze the influencing factors of self-evaluation of the elderly's health,this study used the scale to investigate the four aspects of self-evaluation,illness,self-care ability and social support of the elderly.The health self-assessment uses the European Five-Dimensional Health Scale(EQ-5D),including the self-reported health questionnaire and the intuitive health scale(VAS health self-assessment score),and the EQ-VAS health self-assessment score is used to measure the elderly surveyed.Overall health status;2Prevalence survey to investigate whether the elderly have chronic disease and disease type;3Life self-care ability using the Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL)developed by Lawton and Bordy in the United States in 1969,the 14 items in the scale are classified according to the scores,and the self-care ability of the elderly in different age groups is measured as completely normal,mildly damaged or severely damaged;4 Social support using Xiao Shuiyuan Social Support Rating Scale(Social Support Rating Scale,SSRS),according to the score range of 8-32 points,1-22 points,3-12 points,corresponding to subjective support,objective support and the use of social support three dimensions,measuring the elderly three Dimensional score situation.In the multivariate analysis of this study,the three dimensions of social support were analyzed,and the average was divided into criteria.The higher than the average was set to “high social support level”,and the lower than the average was set to “low social support level.”This survey uses EpiData software to build a database and data entry.Descriptive statistics,single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS22.0 software to analyze the collected data.Result:The survey included a total of 1083 senior citizens over 60 years of age,540 males(49.9%)and 543 females(50.1%).1.The EQ-5D scale includes 17.7%,9.6%,17.2%,27.9%,11.2% of the five dimensions of mobility,self-care,daily activities,pain or discomfort and anxiety and depression,respectively.%.The elderly self-assessment score(EQ-VAS)was 75.1 points.2.There are 833 elderly people with chronic diseases,accounting for 77.0%.The three types of chronic diseases that are susceptible to the elderly are: circulatory system diseases(such as heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,high blood pressure,etc.)632(58.4%),musculoskeletal diseases(such as arthritis,bone hyperplasia)323 people(29.8%),endocrine nutrition metabolism(such as diabetes),214 people(19.8%).The proportion of chronic diseases in the elderly of different age groups was different.The proportions of chronic diseases in 60-69 years old,70-79 years old and 80 years old were 66.2%,84.8% and 86.5%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).3.736 elderly people with normal self-care ability,accounting for 68.0%,197(18.2%)with mild impairment,and 150(13.9%)with severely impaired.438(59.5%)elderly people aged 60-69,263(35.7%)aged 70-79,and 35(4.8%)elderly over 80 years old with self-care ability.31(15.7%)elderly people aged 60-69,112(56.9%)slightly injured in 70-79 years old,and 54(27.4%)slightly injured in 80 years old;severely impaired Seventy-six(4.7%)elderly people aged 60-69,54(36.0%)aged 70-79 years old,and 89(59.3%)elderly people over 80 years old,were completely normal in the elderly group of 60-69 years old.Severe impairment was mainly concentrated in the elderly group over 80 years old,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).4.The total score of social support is(38.4±9.1)points,the objective support score is only(11.0±5.5)points,the subjective support score is only(20.6±4.5),and the support utilization score is only(6.9±1.9)points.The difference between the four groups was statistically significant(P<0.05),the subjective support score of the percentile score was64.4,the social support score was 60.0,the support utilization was 57.1,and the objective support score was 54.9.5.Taking the self-assessment score of the elderly's health status as the dependent variable,the general data of the elderly were included in the univariate analysis.The results showed that the self-evaluation scores of the elderly males(76.6±15.2),the elderly women(73.7±15.3),the elderly males The scores of self-assessment of health were significantly higher than those of older women(P<0.05);the scores of self-assessment of self-assessment of urban residents(76.0±15.1)and the self-assessment scores of healthy residents of agricultural households(71.3±15.7),The self-assessment scores of urban cadres were significantly higher than those of agricultural hukou,and the differences were significant(P<0.05);widowed(70.6±15.6),never married(68.3±20.4),married(77.0±14.8),divorce(78.6±15.1),the self-assessment scores of the elderly with spouse or former spouse were higher than those without spouse,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);living with family members The self-assessment score of the elderly(75.4±15.3)and the self-assessment score of the elderly living alone(71.9±15.0),the self-assessment score of the elderly living with the family was higher than that of the elderly living alone,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);the degree of self-assessment of the degree of education is primary school And below(70.5±16.2),junior high school(79.5±13.8),high school or technical secondary school(77.1±13.7),junior college(78.3±13.7),undergraduate and above(76.2±11.6),health self-evaluation scores of primary school and below Compared with other groups,the difference between the five groups was significant(P<0.05);the self-assessment of different age groups was 60-69 years old(79.7±14.2),70-79 years old(72.6±14.3),80 years old.Above(68.9±16.9),the self-assessment scores of the 60-69 age group were significantly higher than those of the other age groups,and the differences among the three groups were significant(P<0.05);the monthly disposable income health self-assessment scorewas<1000(72.1±16.2),1000-2000yuan(73.1±15.8),2001-3000 yuan(76.5±14.7),3001-4000 yuan(77.0±15.0),4001-5000 yuan(77.8±14.9),>5000 yuan(73.9±13.6),the self-assessment scores of the elderly with disposable income below 1000 yuan per month were lower than those of other income groups,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);the health score of life source was self-employed or work(82.5±9.9),pension(76.7±14.7),family(71.6±16.6),local government or association(69.3±16.2),the difference between the four groups was significant(P<0.05);the self-care ability was completely normal(79.3±12.8),mildly impaired(71.3±13.9),severely impaired(59.7±17.2),the self-evaluation score of the healthy self-evaluation of the elderly with normal self-care ability is significantly higher than that of other severely injured combined severely injured group,three groups The difference was significant(P<0.05);the self-assessment score of chronic disease was(71.6±14.8),and the chronic disease was not(87.1±9.9).The self-evaluation score of chronic disease was higher than that without chronic disease.The difference was significant(P<0.05);the three dimensions of social self-assessment in social support were:low level of subjective support(71.8±15.7),high level of subjective support(78.6±14.1),objective support low level(73.5±15.6),objective support for high level(78.0±14.3),subjective support for low-level health self-assessment scores is significantly lower than subjective support high level,objective support for low-level health self-evaluation scores is significantly lower than objective support high level,the difference is Significant(P<0.05).6.Multi-factor results showed that among the various factors included,chronic disease,self-care ability,source of life and subjective support were the influencing factors of self-evaluation of the elderly.In the case of controlling other variables,the chronic disease will change from chronic disease to no chronic disease,the score of health self-evaluation will increase by 12.208 points,and the self-care ability will be seriously graded,and the self-assessment score will be reduced by 8.397 Points,subjective support for each level of improvement,the health self-assessment score increased by 3.745 points,the impact of subjective support(standard partial regression coefficient=0.122).Further analysis showed that the disease of the circulatory system was changed to no disease.The self-evaluation score of the elderly increased by 4.724 points,and the respiratory disease was not changed.The self-evaluation score of the elderly increased by 5.686 points,and the endocrine nutritional metabolic disease changed to Without suffering,the health self-assessment score of the elderly increased by 4.741 points,and the musculoskeletal disease was not changed.The self-evaluation score of the elderly increased by 6.231 points,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).For every 1 point increase in the number of support and help,the score of the self-assessment of the elderly will increase by 0.830 points.For each additional point of support and care received from family members,the score of the self-assessment of the elderly will increase by 0.649 points.Statistical significance(P<0.001).Conclusion:1.The elderly self-evaluation scores and social support scores of the elderly in Xicheng District,Chaoyang District and Tongzhou District of Beijing are low,the health level is low,and the health status of the elderly is not optimistic.2.With the increase of age,the prevalence of chronic diseases in elderly residents has increased,and the proportion of problems in self-care ability has increased.3.Subjective support,chronic illness,self-care ability and source of life are all important factors affecting the self-evaluation of the elderly.4.Circulatory diseases,respiratory diseases,endocrine and nutritional metabolic diseases and musculoskeletal diseases have a great impact on health self-evaluation;the number of friends who receive support and help and the support and care received from family members also have a self-assessment on health.Great impact. |
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