| Objective1.To know the main health problems of freshmen in the universities of Chongqing and to provide the basis for the problem-oriented health education of freshmen in colleges.At the same time,to provide theoretical support for the research group to carry out the investigation on the current situation of health management of freshmen in Chongqing.2.To investigate the health management of college freshmen in Chongqing and then to find out whether colleges have conscientiously implemented the principle that the Ministry of Education should follow the link between problem-oriented and health needs,and take measures to intervene the main health problems of students and their influencing factors around their health needs and practical results have been achieved.MethodsThe research involves expert interviews,questionnaires and statistical analysis.1.Expert interview methodThis study adopts stratified random sampling method.First School categories were selected among hospitals or health specialties in colleges in Chongqing and then 1 to 2 schools were randomly selected from schools in each category propotionally.At last 9schools in Chongqing were selected to conduct one-to-one interview survey.2.Questionnaire survey methodThe computer random sampling method was used to select the students who had taken part in the physical examination of freshmen in grade 2015 in the remaining eight academies mentioned above(excluding one military academy).The sample size was enlarged 10 times according to the items of the self-designed questionnaire(10 items).A total of 100 students are needed to be surveyed at least,and248 were actually surveyed.3.Statistical analysis methodStatistical analysis was used to analyze the physical examination results and laboratory examination data of 4576 freshmen in 8 universities which are randomly selected from the student health management system according to the 10%proportion of full-time freshmen in the selected schools(except military academies).Excel 2007 software was used to establish the database and SPSS 19.0software package was used for data statistical analysis.Frequency and composition ratio were used to describe the counting data,and±s was used to describe the measurement data,andχ~2 test was used to compare the detection rate,and binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.The difference was statistically significant with P<0.05.Results1.There are many health problems in physical examination:A total of2509(54.8%)freshmen have health problems,60.5%of whom had poor lifestyles.The top five health problems included underweight(44.3%),overweight and obesity(27%),decreased visual acuity(17.9%),abnormal liver function(16.7%),dental/missing teeth caries(10.1%).The detection rate of boys in the pre-hypertension,abnormal liver function,overweight and obesity,centripetal obesity,blindness and hypertension were significantly higher than those of girls(P<0.05),while detection rate of girls in under-weight,dental/missing teeth caries,decreasedvisual acuity tate were significantly higher than those of boys(P<0.01).The rural students’detection rate was higher than those of urban students in overweight and obesity(P<0.01).However,The detection rate of urban students’decreased visual acuity and pre-hypertension were higher than those rural students(P<0.01).Binary logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal liver function showed that obesity,abdominal obesity,gender,hypertension,pre-hypertension,overweight,low weight were the influencing factors of abnormal liver function.Binary logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of pre-hypertension showed that pulse>100 times per minute,obesity,abdominal obesity,gender,overweight,abnormal liver function were the influencing factors of pre-hypertension.2.The freshmen’s physical examination in Chongqing mainly adopts the mode of self-examination(66.7%).The intervention rate of abnormal results involving infectious diseases reaches 100%.77.8%of schools guarantee students’health management in terms of system construction.Health management mainly takes the form of displaying health education content through campus propaganda boards,and lacks the use of new media to carry out health management.The main contents of health management are infectious diseases,emergency and asylum management(100%)and lifestyle intervention(22.2%).3.55.6%of the freshmen knew that the school supplied health education courses,but only 44.9%of them believed that the school health education courses could meet their own health needs.They hoped that the school could increase the contents of"sexual and reproductive health(48.8%),mental health(36.7%)and healthy lifestyle(40.7%)in the health education courses.The top three most attractive forms of health education for students were:new media(84.7%),campus network(81.5%)and public elective courses(75%).Only 56.0%of students were satisfied with school health management.ConclusionThe management of freshmen’s physical examination in Chongqing is more standardized,and the health problems of students are more prominent and diversified.However,schools do not intervene pertinently according to the main health problems of students in the management of health.There is a certain gap in the management mechanism,health education curriculum and health education forms as compared with the needs of students.It is suggested that colleges should further improve the management of school health from the following three aspects:1.Changing their concepts and exploring new models of college students’health management;2.Integrating resources to explore effective ways to promote students’health;3.Further studying the factors affecting students’lifestyles,intervening targeted students with existing health problems,and establishing long-term intervention and evaluation mechanisms. |
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