| As the exercise time or intensity continues,the free radicals in the body gradually accumulate,and the energy consumption of the body is exhausted,which causes fatigue and sports injuries.Astaxanthin is a very strong antioxidant,which has good effects in scavenging free radicals,balancing the body's oxidative imbalance,anti-fatigue and improving exercise capacity.Based on the metabolomics method,it is beneficial to grasp the effects of exercise and astaxanthin on the body during different exercise periods,and it is helpful to clarify the trend and recovery of small molecule metabolites in the body.OBJECTIVE: Based on 1H-NMR metabolomics to investigate the changes and recovery of skeletal muscle marker metabolites in rats with swimming fatigue by exercise and astaxanthin supplementation.METHODS: Sixty male SD rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: control group(C,n=10)and medicine group(M,n=10),exercise group(E,n=10),exercise + medicine group(EM group,n=30),in which exercise + medicine group was divided into three groups(n=10 in each group): immediate group after exercise(EMJ),group 12 h after exercise(EM12h),group 24 h after exercise(EM24h).Group C was fed with soybean oil,and the dose of astaxanthin per day for M and EM was 6.6 mg/kg.After3 days of adaptive swimming in group E and EM,the rats were formally swimming in 3 stages,and each stage was 8d for 24 days.The first stage:swimming at 2:30 pm,100 minutes of intermittent 3 minutes;the second stage: starting at 2:30 pm,swimming for 3 hours,3 minutes;the third stage:starting at 8:00 am and 2:30 pm,swimming for 3 hours,3 minutes.After swimming,the skeletal muscles of C,E,M,EMJ,EM12 h and EM24 h rats were collected and labeled as T1,T2,T3,T4,T5 and T6.The skeletal muscle samples were subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance detection after homogenization,centrifugation and blow drying.The obtained nuclear magnetic spectra were analyzed by Mest Re Nova,SIMCA-P and SPSS software to find the nuclear magnetic differential metabolites.RESULTS:(1)After screening and analysis,29 skeletal muscle metabolic markers were identified in different periods.These metabolites involved amino acid metabolism,energy metabolism,sputum metabolism,membrane metabolism,osmotic pressure and Changes in other small molecule metabolites.(2)Compared with group C,in group E,except creatine,carnitine,hypoxanthine,trimethylamine oxide,isoleucine,acetic acid(p<0.01),glycerol,phosphorylcholine,choline,valley the levels of aminoamide and citric acid(p<0.05)were significantly increased;?-glucose,succinic acid,glycine,alanine(p<0.01),tyrosine,formate,betaine,cysteine and the level of ?-glucose(p<0.05)was significantly reduced.(3)Compared with the EMJ group,the M group showed a significant decrease in the levels of lactic acid,cysteine,succinic acid(p<0.01),hypoxanthine,and histidine(p<0.05);trimethylamine oxide,?-glucose,The levels of carnitine,creatine,inosine,betaine,isoleucine,acetic acid,and proline(p<0.01)were significantly elevated.(4)Group E compared with EMJ group: the levels of tyrosine,cysteine,formate,?-glucose(p<0.01),glycerol,3-methylhistidine,citric acid,betaine,leucine acid and proline(p<0.05)decreased;the levels of hypoxanthine and ?-glucose(p<0.01)increased significantly.(5)After recovery of exercise by astaxanthin intake,lactic acid,creatine,?-glucose and proline have recovered to normal levels.CONCLUSIONS:(1)Based on metabolomics techniques,samples can be clearly separated before and after fatigue exercise.This is related to the changes of metabolites in the process of glucose metabolism,amino acid metabolism,lipid metabolism and purine metabolism in rat skeletal muscle.(2)Based on metabolomics techniques,Astaxanthin intake has little effect on the body's metabolic products in a quiet state,and has a greater impact on the moving body.(3)Astaxanthin supplementation can promote the rapid recovery of glucose,fat and amino acids during the recovery period after fatigue exercise. |
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