Work Resources-Stress Appraisal Model Of Male Nurses' Burnout

ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of burnout and its influencing factors of mal e nurses in Guangdong China,analyze the role of stress appraisal in between work re sources and burnout,and construct a work resource-stress appraisal model for male nu rses'burnout.To explore the mechanism of nurses' burnout formation in the organizat ional and personal cognitive aspects,which to provide a basis for improving the reser ve applications of working resources of male nurses for reducing burnout,and provide references for nursing managers in the career management process of male nurses.DesignParticipantsMale nurses of 20 general hospitals in Guangdong were recruited in the study fr om October 2016 to October 2018 using convenient sampling.Inclusion criteria:(1)Registered male nurses in Guangdong with over a year work;(2)Agreed with the su rvey and accept interview.Exclusion criteria:(1)External hospital training staffs.MethodsThe study adopted a combination of literature review,qualitative interviews and q uantitative survey research methods.In the survey,600 questionnaires were distributed before and after,and 500 valid questionnaires were collected.The effective recovery rate was 83.3%.MeasurementThe questionnaire consisted of four parts:1)General survey questionnaire,includi ng age,marital status,education level,job nature,job title,department,monthly salary;2)Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS);3)Nurse Work Work Resource Qu estionnaire;4)Stress appraisal Measurement(SAM).Statistical analysisThe data were processed and analyzed using SpSS22.0 and AMOS17.0.The spec ific statistical methods include one-way ANOVA,two independent sample t test,Pears on correlation analysis,Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA).The test level ?=0.05.Results1.Male nurses' burnout level and related factorsThe study showed that the total score of male nurses' burnout in Guangdong wa s(2.72± 1.02).The age and monthly salary and employment nature of male nurses w ere demographic factors affecting burnout In terms of organizational characteristics,th e correlation analysis showed that emotional exhaustion and cynicism were significantl y positively correlated with social support and rewards(P<0.01),low sense of achieve ment was significantly positively correlated with social support and decision-making pa rticipation(P<0.01),There was a significant positive correlation between burnout and skill diversity(P<0.01).In terms of psychological factors,in the qualitative research,t he young male nurses'professional identity was not strong,the gender impression had a certain impact on the male nurses'occupational mental health,and the family pres sure affected the male nurses'occupational mental health,while in the questionnaire s urvey,There was a significant positive correlation between emotional exhaustion,cyni cism and threat,centrality,and loss of control(P<0.01);emotional exhaustion was ne gatively correlated with challenge(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with controlled b y self and controlled by others(P<0.01);Low sense of achievement was significant n egative correlated with controlled by others(P<0.01).In terms of other influencing f actors,the male nurse's perception of the nursing profession changed from refusing to accepting.The pressure of the work after marriage was greater for them,and they f aced the lack of prevention awareness of occupational fat:igue at work.2.Work resources-stress appraisal model of male nurses' burnoutThe adaptation indices of the model were IFI=0.928;GFI=0.937;CFI=0.928;TLI=0.903;NFI=0.904;RESEA=0.073;RMR-0.06.All path coefficients were significantly(p<0.001)from the normalized model,and the absolute values of the normalized r egression coefficients were all less than 1.In the measurement model,from the reliab ility of the four constructive reflective measurement models,the factor loads of the fi ve effect indicator variables of the work resources were 0.63?0.36?0.28?0.51?and 0.69,respectively;The factor loads of the three index variables of uncontrollable varia bles were 0.67,0.85,and 0.94,respectively.The factor load of the three index variabl es of controllable orientated stress appraisals were 0.79,0.83,and 0.73,respectively.T he factor load of the three index variables of burnout were 0.69,0.66 and 0.26,respe ctively.In the structural model,the work resources had a direct impact on the control lable orientated stress appraisals variables,uncontrollable orientated stress appraisals var iables and burnout variables.The path coefficients Y were-0.43,0.39 and 0.64,resp ectively.The explanatory power of work resources on controllable orientated stress ap praisals,uncontrollable orientated stress appraisals variables,burnout were 0.18,0.16,a nd 0.42,respectively.The uncontrollable orientated srtress appraisals had a direct impac t on burnout The path coefficient y was 0.35,the explanatory power R2=0.12,and t he combined interlpretation variable R2 of the work resources the uncontrollable orienta ted stress appraisals on burnout was 70%.Except the work resource variable impact on controllable orientated stress appraisals variable was negative,other paths were posi tive.The role of uncontrollable orientated stress appraisals in the interaction between work resources and burnout.The results showed that the fitting index of the mediatio n effect model met the model adaptation criteria except the chi-square degree of freed om ratio.The uncontrollable orientated stress appraisals(threat,centrality,uncontrollabl e)had a significant mediating effect between work resources and burnout,with a con fidence interval(0.081,0.199),excluding 0,mediating effect value was 0.147,and me diating efFect accounted for 32.6%of the total effect.4 ConclusionsMale nurses were at a mild level of burnout,and young males with low monthl y salaries and the employment nature of personal agent were more likely to experienc e burnout.The overall work resources of male nurses were in shortage,especially at the level of decision-making participation and work control.There was a correlation b etween burnout and various dimensions of work resources.The more social support a nd rewards,the more obvious the emotional exhaustion and cynicism experience;the more decision-making participation and work control,the stronger the sense of achieve ment;the more diverse the work skills,the less likely to produce burnout Stress appr aisal was the influencing factor of burmout level.The more obvious the threat,centrali ty and the uncontrollable appraisals were,the more serious the emotional exhaustion a nd cynicism experience will be.The more obvious the challenge,controllable by self and controllable by others appraisals were,the more serious the emotional exhaustion experience will be;The more obvious controllable by others appraisal was,the less 1 ikely it was to produce a low sense of accomplishment In the process of male burno ut formation,in addition to the two important influencing factors of work resources a nd stress assessment,there are also possible factors such as occupational acceptance,f amily responsibility,and bad emotional cognition that will affect the occurrence of bur noutThe reliability and convergence validity of the three reflective measurement mode-is were good The common interpretation variation of work resource variables and un conrtrollable orientated stress appraisals on burnout was 70%,and the estimated path c oeffcient of the structural model between potential constructs.Outside the significant 1 evel of 0.01,the sign coefficient was the same as the theoretical construction,and the hypothetical model was theoretically acceptable.In addition,the overall fit of the mo del was good,assuming that the model fitted well with the number of samples,and t he structural equations supported for the hypothesis model.Uncontrollable orientated st ress appraisals(threat,centrality,uncontrollable)as a mediator variable affected the rol e of work resources in burnout,indicating that the work resources are kept out of co ntrol,the easier stress appraisals were trend to out of control,the more likely it was to experience burnoutAbove all,there were many influencing factors of burnout in the organizational e nvironment.The model combined with organizational characteristics and individual cog nitive characteristics can help managers dynamically capture the influencing factors of occupational stress at a certain stage of the employees,formulate intervention program s,and help individuals identify themselves.The resource situation and the characteristi cs of cognitive evaluation,as an important part of career planning,provide a scientific basis for employees'self-management and help male nurses to better cope with occu pational stress.