Cholera Of 1853-54 And Management Of Water Resources In Modern Britain

As the first modern country,Britain completed the industrial revolution in the middle of the 19th century,which was an unprecedented economic revolution and promoted the process of world modernization.However,the Industrial Revolution had led to urban development and population growth,which had led to deteriorating public health conditions and serious problems with public health,especially with regard to drinking water for the population:The lack of a unified sewer system in cities The accumulation of Excreta in the public areas,which makes it easy to pollute the drinking water sources;the discharge of dirty materials and sewage into rivers without treatment,which pollutes the water sources(such as the Thames River),which in turn damages the cleanliness of the drinking water of the residents;and the influence of the Laissez-faire,central Government Management of water supply in London and across the country.Against this background,cholera,as a devastating infectious disease,hit Britain twice in the first half of the 19th century,causing a large number of residents to fall ill and die.In the middle of the 19th century,influenced by the laissez-faire trend of thought,the central government had relatively few local interventions.The central government and local governments failed to form an effective coordinated response mechanism in the face of cholera.In 1853-1854,the third cholera came back,causing serious damage to various parts of the UK,especially London.n the face of cholera,the central government and local governments have made corresponding prevention and treatment measures,voluntary hospitals also assume the responsibility of helping patients.These interventions have proven ineffective against cholera and may even exacerbate the disease with alternative therapies.After the outbreak of cholera,the community is eager to understand the causes and transmission mechanism of cholera.Both the Central Health Bureau and the local dioceses have made inquiries.The Central Health Authority,with a focus on London,appointed a medical commission of inquiry,which concluded that the cholera outbreak was linked to atmospheric phenomena and climate change.The Council of James Parishes,led by John Snow and Henry Alfred North Whitehead,examined Broad Street in 1854,confirming the "water theory" of cholera.Dr.Acland,an Oxford Cholera investigator,is Eclectic.Around the origin of cholera and transmission mechanism,the parties formed different views from each other.The authorities did not accept the theory of water transmission of cholera,but in practice,they gradually turned to water control.The John Snow used statistical tools to investigate cholera,noting the importance of water in the spread of the disease,which influenced subsequent urban construction and policy making by the central government.Many local governments have also recognised the importance of water.After the 1854,water reform became a top priority for the British Public Health Movement.The government is tackling the drinking water problem at two levels:By investigating and regulating the water companies;and by tackling the pollution of the Thames River at its source and improving the quality of the water at which the companies draw their water.In this process,both the central and local governments have expanded their powers simultaneously through parliamentary legislation,thus enabling them to intervene more in public health matters.The two sides have gradually formed a benign coordination and Cooperation Mechanism,which is of great benefit to the construction of municipal administration.In the first half of the 19th century,the Urban Development and population explosion in Britain caused the deterioration of the living environment of the middle and lower classes The pollution of water supply companies and the chaos of the city’s sewers are endangering the health of residents and setting the stage for an outbreak of cholera.Influenced by the Laissez-faire,the central government and local governments have less involvement in water issues and are inadequate in cholera prevention and control.Cholera broke out in the summer months of the 1853 and,after a lull in the winter,spread in the summer months of the 1854.In south and west London,the outbreak in Soho Square has become the focus of central government attention.The central government has carried out a number of treatment measures;local governments have introduced epidemic prevention measures;and voluntary hospitals have taken over the care of patients,but their medical methods are relatively backward.The cholera is geographically concentrated,the central and local response is relatively timely,medical advice has been taken into account,the importance of water issues is particularly prominent.The Central Health Authority appointed a medical board to conduct an extensive survey of cholera in London,noting that the disease is largely atmospheric and climatic and has little to do with water;An investigation by James Parish Council members John Snow and Henry Alfred North Whitehead into cholera in broad street revealed a mechanism for the spread of cholera by water,but this claim was not officially accepted;Edmond Cooper,after investigating the sewers,to deny the effects of the stench on cholera,but its conclusions were ignored.Dr.Acland,who investigated cholera in Oxford,did not deny either the miasma theory or the water-borne theory.The various conclusions are both related and different,reflecting the 19th century British debate over cholera and water.Influenced by Snow’s findings,both the William Farr and the John Simon,1st Viscount Simon were concerned about the relationship between water companies and the cholera outbreak,and the central government became increasingly aware of the importance of water sources and began investigating water companies in places such as London Start the process of water supply reform.The central government also aims to improve water quality and ensure drinking water safety by improving the water quality of the Thames River and regulating the way water is drawn by water companies.Cholera of 1853-1854 was a disease that affected the whole country,promoted the expansion of the central government’s powers and responsibilities,strengthened its intervention in local health services,and promoted coordination and cooperation between the Central and local governments This has important implications for the improvement of the lives of British citizens.