| Background:Water is one of the most basic elements of the natural environment.It is one of the essential materials for the survival and development of all living systems,and is also one of the most essential conditions for the protection of human life.With the development of modern industry, the problem of environmental protection is concerned by the whole society. Water is the important resource of the natural environment. Ensuring drinking water safety is an important condition for the protection of human health and human development. It is the people oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the specific embodiment of the concept. Objective:Through the monitoring of drinking water quality in Hegang city in 2010-2014, the sanitary status of drinking water in Hegang city. In order to protect the people’s drinking water health safety and to provide the basis for the relevant departments to formulate scientific and effective supervision measures in Hegang city. Methods:1、the choice of hegang city, source water, off-work water and pipe water, secondary water supply during the dry season of monitoring stations, of which 2010 monitoring points number is 41, 2011, 39, 2012, 43, is 34, 2013 to 35 in 2014.2、The choice of hegang city the plentiful source water, off-work water and pipe water, secondary water supply monitoring stations during the dry season, the number of monitoring stations in 2010 to 40, 2011 to 50, 2012, 33, 2013, 32, 2014 to 65.3、samples collection:As per requirements described in GB/T 5750.2—2006.4、the detection of the sample:All the samples in testing 30 indicators,Among them,sensory traits and general chemical indicators to17 project; toxicology index to 9 project; microbiology indicators to 4 project.5、 statistical analysis: The testing data application SPSS19.0 entry and statistical analysis. The statistical description of the evaluation of the indicators, the use of X2 test and the exact probability of the four grid table to carry out statistical inference, a=0.05 Results: 1、2010 water quality monitoring and analysis results(1) The monitoring results during the dry seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the dry season respectively:Turbidity(58%)、Total number of colonies(80%)、Chroma(83%)、Visible substance(88%)、Iron(88%)、Escherichia coli group(88%)、Heat resistant Escherichia coli group(88%)、Oxygen consumption(93%)。Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the dry season is 58%,toxicology index qualified rate is 100%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 80%.(2)The monitoring results during the wet seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the wet season respectively:Turbidity(65%)、Total number of colonies(65%)、Oxygen consumption(73%) 、 Iron(76%) 、 Manganese(76%) 、 Visible substance(80%) 、 Total bacterial population( 80%)、 Heat resistant Escherichia coli group(80%)、Chroma(85%)、odor and taste(98%).Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the wet season is 45%,toxicology index qualified rate is 100%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 65%.(3) Comparison between dry season and wet season water qualityHegang city life drinking water of sensory properties and general chemical indexes of qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=1.486 P=0.223), toxicology index qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference, microbiology indicators qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=2.455 P=0.117).Hegang city life drinking water of the overall water quality evaluation of qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=1.486 P=0.223). 2、2011 water quality monitoring and analysis results(1) The monitoring results during the dry seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the dry season respectively : Turbidity(64%) 、 Iron(72%) 、 Visible substance(87%) 、 Fluoride(87%) 、 Chroma(92%) 、 Oxygen consumption(93%) 、 PH value(97%)、Total number of colonies(98%).Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the dry season is 51%,toxicology index qualified rate is 87%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 97%.(2) The monitoring results during the wet seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the wet season respectively:Iron(66%)、Manganese(66%)、Turbidity(76%)、Oxygen consumption(73%)、Chroma(84%)、Visible substance(94%)、Total number of colonies(98%)、Total E. coli group(98%).Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the wet season is 36%,toxicology index qualified rate is 100%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 98%.(3)Comparison between dry season and wet season water qualityHegang city life drinking water of sensory properties and general chemical indexes of qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=0.234 P=0.628),Toxicological indicators pass rate in wet season(100%) higher than the pass rate in dry season(87%)(X2=4.589 P=0.032),microbiology indicators qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=0.032 P=0.859).Hegang city life drinking water of the overall water quality evaluation of qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=0.234 P=0.628). 3、2012 water quality monitoring and analysis results(1) The monitoring results during the dry seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the dry season respectively:Turbidity(30%)、Chroma(84%)、Visible substance(84%), Stink and taste(98%), Total number of colonies(98%), Total number of colonies(98%).Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the dry season is 30%,toxicology index qualified rate is 100%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 98%.(2) The monitoring results during the wet seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the wet season respectively:Manganese(33%), Turbidity(36%), Visible substance(66%), Chroma(85%), Iron(97%), Total number of colonies(97%), Total number of colonies(97%).Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the wet season is 30%,toxicology index qualified rate is 100%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 97%.(3)Comparison between dry season and wet season water qualityHegang city life drinking water of sensory properties and general chemical indexes of qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=0.000 P=0.995), toxicology index qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference, microbiology indicators qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=0.036 P=0.849).Hegang city life drinking water of the overall water quality evaluation of qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=0.000 P=0.995). 4、2013 water quality monitoring and analysis results(1) The monitoring results during the dry seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the dry season respectively:Turbidity(88%), Visible substance(88%).Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the dry season is 65%,toxicology index qualified rate is 100%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 100%.(2) The monitoring results during the wet seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the wet season respectively:Turbidity(34%), Manganese(38%), PH value(75%), Oxygen consumption(81%), Total number of colonies(81%), Visible substance(94%), Chroma(97%), Iron(97%), Total number of colonies(97%), Total number of colonies(97%).Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the wet season is 16%,toxicology index qualified rate is 100%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 81%.(3)Comparison between dry season and wet season water qualityHegang city life drinking water of sensory properties and general chemical indexes pass rate in dry season(65%) higher than the pass rate in wet season(16%)(X2=0.000 P=0.995),toxicology index qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference, Microbial indexes pass rate in dry season(100%) higher than the pass rate in wet season(81%)(X2=0.036 P=0.849).Hegang city life drinking water of the overall water quality evaluation pass qualified rate in dry season(65%) higher than the pass rate in wet season(13%)(X2=18.818 P=0.000). 5、2014 water quality monitoring and analysis results(1) The monitoring results during the dry seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the dry season respectively:Total number of colonies(89%), Turbidity(94%), Manganese(94%), Oxygen consumption(94%).Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the dry season is 80%,toxicology index qualified rate is 100%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 89%.(2) The monitoring results during the wet seasonThe main unqualified index and the qualified rate of Hegang city drinking water in the wet season respectively:Manganese(51%), Total number of colonies(80%), Oxygen consumption(88%), Turbidity(92%), Nitrate(97%), Fluoride(98%), Iron(98%).Hegang city drinking water in the sensory traits and general chemical indicators qualified rate during the wet season is 32%,toxicology index qualified rate is 95%,microbiology indicators qualified rate is 80%.(3) Comparison between dry season and wet season water qualityHegang city life drinking water of sensory properties and general chemical indexes of qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=1.056 P=0.304), toxicology index qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=0.457 P=0.499), microbiology indicators qualified rate in the dry season and the wet season no difference(X2=1.185 P=0.276).Hegang city life drinking water of the overall water quality evaluation pass qualified rate in dry season(74%) higher than the pass rate in wet season(20%)(X2=28.181 P=0.000). 6、2010 to 2014 comprehensive water quality comparison(1)2010 to 2014 dry season water quality comprehensive comparisonComparison of the results of the single detection: Chroma, Turbidity, Iron, Fluoride, Total number of colonies, Total number of colonies and Total number of colonies, these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Among them, The qualified rate(X2=18.036 P=0.001)of Chroma was the lowest in 2013(83%) and the highest in 2010(100%) and 2014(100%); The qualified rate(X2=44.938 P=0.000) of turbidity was the lowest in 2012(30%) and the highest in 2014(94%); The qualified rate(X2=31.143 P=0.000) of Iron was the lowest in 2011(72%) and the highest in 2013(100%) and 2014(100%); The qualified rate(X2=10.752 P=0.001) of Fluoride was the lowest in 2011(87%) and the highest in 2010(100%),2012(100%),2013(100%)and 2014(100%); The qualified rate(X2=15.492 P=0.001) of Total number of colonies was the lowest in 2010(80%) and the highest in 2011(100%) and 2013(100%); The qualified rate(X2=7.511 P=0.029) of Total bacterial population was the lowest in 2010(88%) and the highest in 2013(100%) and 2014(100%); The qualified rate(X2=8.873 P=0.006) of Heat resistant Escherichia coli group was the lowest in 2010(88%) and the highest in 2011(100%), 2013(100%) and 2014(100%). There was no statistically significant difference in other items.The overall water quality of the year was statistically significant(X2=19.904 P=0.001)The qualified rate(74%) was the highest in 2014, and the lowest in 2012(30%). Component tests revealed, The difference of sensory traits and general chemical indicators were statistically significant(X2=12.987 P=0.004), the highest in 2014(80%), and the lowest in 2012(30%);Toxicology index was statistically significant(X2=23.819 P=0.000), the lowest in 2011(87%);Microbial index difference was statistically significant(X2=19.904 P=0.001), the highest in 2013(100%), and the lowest in 2010(80%).(2)2010 to 2014 wet season water quality comprehensive comparisonComparison of the results of the single detection: Chroma, Turbidity, Visible substance, PH value, Iron, Manganese, Oxygen consumption, Total number of colonies, Total bacterial population, Heat resistant Escherichia coli group, these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Among them, the qualified rate(X2=16.391 P=0.001)of Chroma was the lowest in 2011(84%) and the highest in 2014(100%); the qualified rate(X2=50.005 P=0.000)of Turbidity was the lowest in 2013(34%) and the highest in 2014(92%); the qualified rate(X2=28.692 P=0.000)of Visible substance was the lowest in 2012(66%) and the highest in 2014(100%); the qualified rate(X2=28.692 P=0.000)of PH value was the lowest in 2013(75%) and the highest in 2014(100%),2011(100%),2012(100%),2014(100%);the qualified rate(X2=33.467 P=0.000)of Iron was the lowest in 2011(66%) and the highest in 2014(98%); the qualified rate(X2=21.260 P=0.000)of Manganese was the lowest in 2012(33%) and the highest in 2010(76%); the qualified rate(X2=26.222 P=0.000)of Oxygen consumption was the lowest in 2010(33%),2011(33%)and the highest in 2012(100%); the qualified rate(X2=23.225 P=0.000)of Total number of colonies was the lowest in 2010(65%) and the highest in 2011(98%); the qualified rate(X2=16.575 P=0.000)of Total bacterial population was the lowest in 2010(80%) and the highest in 2014(100%); the qualified rate(X2=18.863 P=0.000)of Heat resistant Escherichia coli group was the lowest in 2010(80%) and the highest in2011(100%),2012(100%),2014(100%). There was no statistically significant difference in other items.The overall water quality of the year was statistically significant(X2=13.062 P=0.011)The qualified rate(45%) was the highest in 2010, and the lowest in 2013(13%). Component tests revealed, The difference of sensory traits and general chemical indicators were statistically significant(X2=61.452 P=0.000), the highest in 2010(45%), and the lowest in 2013(16%);Toxicology indicator has no statistical significance(X2=3.921 P=0.278), so it can be considered that there is no difference between the toxicological index;Microbial index difference was statistically significant( X2=23.225 P=0.000), the highest in 2011(98%), and the lowest in 2010(65%). Conclusion:From 2010 to 2014, the main indicators of Hegang urban drinking water is sensory traits and general chemical indicators.1、Main unqualified index is sensory properties and general chemical indicators.2、Overall water quality qualified rate is higher than the plentiful water season.3、Percent of pass low project is: chromaticity and turbidity, iron, manganese.4、Water quality comparison, in 2013, the plentiful water quality for the worst, should be 2013 rainfall is too large, Novosibirsk caused flooding. |
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