Prevalence And Influencing Factors Of Chronic Diseases Among Residents In Zhuhai

Objective: This study investigated and analyzed the prevalence of chronic diseases among residents in Zhuhai city,then compared them with national data.To explore the main risk factors of chronic diseases among residents in Zhuhai,and determine the focus population for prevention of and treatment of chronic diseases.The results of this study will provide scientific basis for the government and relevant departments to make chronic diseases control program,relevant policies and intervention strategies.Methods: Multistage cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the permanent residents with household registered population aged 15 years and older from 7 district of Zhuhai city during the period from March 2015 to June 2015.The survey included face-to-face questionnaire,physical examination and laboratory tests.A total of 3380 questionnaires were distributed,and 3217 questionnaires were collected,finally,3205 valid questionnaires were used for analysis the effective responses rate of 94.82%.The data were recorded by Epidata3.0 software.SAS9.2software was used to analyze the data based on complex sampling.Descriptive analysis,t test,Rao-Scott chi-square test,logistic regression analysis and other statistical methods were used to analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic diseases among residents in Zhuhai.Results:(1)The overall prevalence of chronic diseasesThe prevalence rate of chronic diseases among residents aged 15 years and older in Zhuhai was 18.40% calculated by the number of people,and the age standardized rates by China population(CASR)was 24.73%.The prevalence rate of chronic diseases among residents calculated by the number of cases was 26.38%(CASR:36.04%).The prevalence of chronic disease was 17.52% in males and 19.30% infemales.The top five most prevalent self-reported chronic diseases were hypertension(9.67%),coronary heart disease(2.68%),diabetes(2.44%),stroke(1.94%)and hyperosteogeny(1.67%).(2)The prevalence of major chronic diseases by detection diagnosisThe prevalence rate of hypertension among residents aged 15 years and older in Zhuhai was 14.58%.The prevalence rate of hypertension among residents aged 18 years and older was 15.29%(CASR: 15.19%).The rate of awareness,treatment,control and treatment control with hypertension were 68.81%,54.29%,26.21%,48.27%,respectively.The prevalence rate of diabetes among residents aged 15 years and older in Zhuhai was 3.84%.The prevalence rate of diabetes among residents aged 18 years and older was 4.01%(CASR: 4.06%).The rate of awareness,treatment,control and treatment control with diabetes were 68.44%,58.51%,45.87%,65.87%,respectively.The prevalence rate of hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dyslipidemia among residents aged 15 years and older in Zhuhai were 3.33%,6.85%,8.95% and 16.59%,respectively.The prevalence rate of hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dyslipidemia among residents aged 18 years and older were 3.48%(CASR: 3.46%),7.05%(CASR: 6.96%),8.79%(CASR: 8.92%)and16.66%(CASR: 16.79%),respectively.(3)Influencing factors of chronic diseaseThe prevalence rate of current cigarette smoking among residents aged 15 years and older in Zhuhai was 21.70%,which male(39.17%)slightly higher than female(3.90%).The prevalence rate of frequent alcohol drinking was 7.79%,and the rate of male(12.81%)was significantly higher than female(2.69%).The prevalence rate of frequent physical exercise and never exercise were 56.19% and 30.13%,respectively.The prevalence rates of the excessive daily intake of salt(>6g)and oil(>25g)were 67.48% and 74.52%,respectively.The prevalence rates of inadequate daily intake of vegetables(<300g),fruit(<300g),milk and milk products(<200ml)were71.23%,77.04% and 73.79%,respectively.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 21.79% and 4.31%,respectively.The overweight rate of male(25.50%)was significantly higher than that of female(17.99%).(4)Multivariate analysis of hypertension and diabetesThe independent risk factors associated with hypertension include increased age(15~44 years as reference,45~59 years OR=4.544,?60 years OR=13.229),inadequate daily fruit intake(OR=1.386),frequent alcohol drinking(OR=1.686),overweight(OR=1.157)and obesity(OR=7.712).The independent protective factor was higher education level(illiteracy as reference,primary school OR=0.498,junior high school OR=0.466,high school OR=0.400,college and above OR=0.384).The independent risk factors associated with diabetes include increased age(15~44 years as reference,45~59 years OR=4.312,?60 years OR=10.386),high level of income overweight(<1000 yuan for reference as reference,1000~1999 yuan,OR=2.233 yuan;2000~2999 yuan,OR=2.623;3000~4999 yuan,OR=2.272),overweight(OR=2.193)and obesity(OR=3.783).Conclusions:(1)The prevalence rate of chronic diseases among residents aged 15 years and older in Zhuhai was higher than the national average level,espesially for stroke and coronary heart disease,which were significantly higher than most provinces and cities in China,and need to take more attention for prevention and control.(2)The prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes in Zhuhai was lower than the national average level,and the prevalence of rates in 2015 was lower than that in2007.The rates of awareness and treatment control for "two diseases" were higher than the national average level,but the rate of treatment and control for hypertension were low.(3)The unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were common in residents of Zhuhai.Women current cigarette smoking rate and frequent alcohol drinking rate were higher than the national average level.The dietary structure was not reasonable.The problem of high proportion of the excessive intake of salt and oil was serious.About 70 percent of residents daily salt and oil intake was excessive.The proportion of inadequate intake of vegetables,fruit,milk or milk products all more than 70 percent.But the situation of residents physical exercise was good,frequent exercise rate was significantly higher than the national average level.The rate of overweight and obesity were all lower than the national average level.(4)Increased age,inadequate daily intake of fruits,frequent alcohol drinking,overweight and obesity were independent risk factors of hypertension for the Zhuhai residents,and the high cultural level was an independent protective factor.Increased age,high income level,overweight and obesity were independent risk factors ofdiabetes for Zhuhai residents.Suggestions: This study emphasized that the government should improve the chronic disease prevention and control service network,and strengthen the management and surveillance of chronic disease.In addition,we need pay attention to hypertension,diabetes prevention and control work,and improve patient self-health management consciousness,so as to effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Meanwhile,we should further strengthen the intervention of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors to reduce disease risk.Besides,health education and health promotion activities should be carried out to improve the awareness rate of chronic disease among residents.