| Health is a basic right for everyone.The provision of health care services closely,which is most linked with health,is also the focus of our country’s attention in recent years.At this stage,there are still inequalities in China’s urban and rural medical and health areas,and there are still some differences in the level of medical and health services between urban and rural areas.This paper aims to promote the process of equalization through research.The research logic of this article is to first define some basic concepts,then establish an index system,and then to study the status quo of the unequalization of urban and rural medical and health services,find the problems,and then combine the excellent experience of foreign countries,and finally propose to promote urban and rural medical and health services.Equalization process method.This article is divided into the following sections:The first chapter is introduction,which describes the background significance of this topic,and carries out a large number of literature reviews.From the perspective of domestic and foreign scholars,the research literature on the equalization of medical and health services is carried out from its meaning,current status,and empirical evidence.The second part is the theoretical part.This article first defines the concept of equalization of basic medical and health services.Then,the second part also narrates the economic theories on which this article is based: public goods theory,welfare economics theory and fairness and justice theory,and pave the way for the following research.In the third part,this article constructs the index model for the equalization of basic medical and health services.According to the three major principles of the general indicator system design,the information of the National Health Statistics Yearbook and the related national health investigation report,this article has constructed a health service equalization evaluation system with a two-level index system consisting of a total of ten indicators.The fourth part is the core part of this article,it presents the whole picture of the unequal medical services in China from the four aspects of the equalization of basic medical and health services: fundraising,resource allocation,service accessibility and health level combined with related display data.The fifth part introduces some excellent experiences of foreign countries.The last part proposes some reform policy recommendations for the current situation of China’s current unequal health care.First,we must clarify the basic responsibilities of the government in the field of health care and change government functions.Second,build a new urban and rural health care service system to optimize the allocation of urban and rural resources.Third,integrate the urban and rural medical insurance system,remove the different type of medical insurance brought by the occupation and by the account,and strive for an early realization of the national integrated medical insurance system.Fourth,accelerate the reform of the pharmaceutical system and provide good supporting services for equalization.Through the above research,we can get the following conclusions from this article:According to the design of the evaluation index system in this paper,the equalization of urban and rural health care services can be divided into four aspects,namely,four perspectives of fundraising,resource allocation,service utilization and health level.According to the data calculated by the entropy method for each sub-indicator,each sub-indicator occupies a very close weight,so each indicator is very important.By separating these four aspects into decomposition studies,we can see the current situation of the equalization of medical and health services in urban and rural areas in China from different perspectives.Combined with data and empirical evidence,in terms of fundraising,China’s fundraising system still has the problem of unreasonable fundraising structure and insufficient total funding.The proportion of government financing for health needs to be further improved.There is a large gap between the level of funding for rural areas and the level of funding for cities.According to the Theil Index of per capita health care expenditure,the level of inequality between urban and rural areas is shrinking year by year,but there is still a certain gap.In terms of resource allocation,from the three aspects of material resources,human resources and geographical accessibility,both urban and rural areas are unequal.From the empirical results of the Theil Index,the gap in China’s material resources is less than the gap in human resources.In the human resources,the Theil Index of the number of nurses per capita in urban and rural areas is higher than that of doctors.This shows that when coordinating urban and rural health resources,the goverment paid more attention to the distribution of professional and technical personnel,and ignored the nurses.In terms of the utilization rate of health services,hospital utilization rate and bed occupancy rate in urban areas are far higher than those in rural areas.However,the medical needs of urban and rural residents are comparable,indicating that there is not only a lack of resources in rural areas,and also the exsiting resources cannot be fully utilized.This may be due to the fact that China’s rural medical and health resources are partly obsolete,and rural residents do not trust the rural health care services.In terms of health level,there is also a certain gap between urban and rural areas in China.Through various analyses,this article has obtained the conclusion that the overall urban and rural basic medical and health services are unequal.According to the existing problems in each perspective,this article puts forward some suggestions for some problems in order to advance the process of equalization of medical and health services between urban and rural areas. |
