| Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale(ESES)when applied in nursing homes for elderly people,determine whether the Chinese version of ESES can be applied to elderly people in nursing homes.To describe the status of exercise self-efficacy and analyzes its influencing factors,and provide the basis for improving the self-efficacy of elderly people in nursing homes,then provide some reference to promote their regular exercise,finally promote the health of elderly people in nursing homes.Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used.The method of convenient sampling was used to investigate the exercise self-efficacy of 233 and 123 elder adults coming from three nursing homes and two communities in Guangzhou,and analyze the relevant factors affecting the exercise self-efficacy of the elderly people in nursing homes.The method of on-site questionnaires was used to measure the information of socio-demographic data,disease-related data,elderly-related sports information,social support and nursing home related environmental data,self-care ability,physical function and exercise self-efficacy of elder adults in nursing home.The reliability of ESES was evaluated by calculating the value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability.Content validity and construct validity(factor analysis)were used to assess the validity of ESES.The elderly people in the communities were as a control to evaluate the exercise self-efficacy in elderly people of nursing home.T test,variance analysis,covariance analysis,and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.Results 1.Reliability and validity analysis of ESES: The internal consistency reliability Cronbach's ? coefficient was 0.910,and the test-retest reliability Pearson correlation coefficient value was 0.927.The results of content validity assessment showed that the inter-rater consistency was 0.89,the value of I-CVI and S-CVI/Ave was 0.86~1.0 and 0.98,respectively.The result of factor analysis showed that the KMO value was 0.92,and Bartlett's sphericity test approximated chi-squared value was 1207.44(?2=1207.44,P<0.01).Principal components analysis was used to extract common factors from 9 items,taking the method of Variance maximization orthogonal rotation and the feature root greater than 1,finally we extracted 1 common factor,and made sure that the cumulative variance contribution rate was 58.46%,the factor load value of each item was 0.54~ 0.89.2.The score of ESES of elderly people was(5.31±3.08)in nursing homes,and(8.18±1.92)in the communities.The three lowest scoring items of ESES in nursing homes were "When you had to exercise alone?","When you felt tired?","When you felt depressed",and the scores were(1.88±2.93),(3.48±3.95)and(5.10±4.37),respectively.3.The result of covariance analysis showed that after removing the confounding factors of age and gender,the F-value was 31.187 when the average score of ESE in the communities compared with nursing homes.The scores of exercise self-efficacy between communities and nursing homes were statistically different(P<0.01).4.The results of single factor analysis showed that there were 17 factors included,"the time living in nursing homes","the total number of illnesses","the total number of medications","the presence or absence of physical pain","the level of exercise in the past 6 months","regular exercise or not before living in the nursing homes","understand the benefits of exercise and possible physical damage or not","Whether afraid of falling or being injured before or during exercise","family or friends support and encourage the elderly to exercise or not","related people that work in nursing home lead the elderly to do sports or not", "self-care ability","grip strength","TUGT time","6WMD","elderly people need help with getting up and down or not".These 17 factors differed in the score for exercise self-efficacy(P<0.05).5.The results of multi-factor analysis showed that the scores of "the level of exercise in the past 6 months","family members or friends support the elderly to exercise or not","TUGT time","regular exercise or not before living in the nursing homes",and "the total number of medications","the time living in nursing homes" were statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusions 1.ESES had a good internal consistency and test-retest reliability in reliability,and the good content validity and structural validity.It is suitable for elderly people in nursing homes when we need to use it.2.The exercise self-efficacy of the older people in nursing homes is significantly lower than that in the communities;3.There are six main influencing factors of exercise self-efficacy for the elderly people in nursing homes : "the level of exercise in the past 6 months","family members or friends support the elderly to exercise or not","TUGT time","regular exercise or not before living in the nursing homes," and " the total number of medications ",“the time of living in nursing homes”."The six-month exercise level" has the greatest impact on it. |
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