Reliability And Validity Of The Chinese Version Of Perceived Control In Health Care Questionnaire And Its Application

BACKGROUNDHealthy aging has become a common concern in society.Studies suggest that healthy aging is closely related to personality factors,cognitive factors of personality and perceived control as an individual’s relatively stable personality,is an important protective factor for the elderly’s physical and mental health of the elderly.Therefore,a reliable assessment of the perceived control of the elderly is a sign of healthy aging.While the perceived control in health care more focuses on reflecting the belief that the elderly perceive their health is under their own control.It can affect the confidence and ability of the elderly to self-care,thus affecting their physical and psychological conditions and quality of life.Therefore,how to evaluate the perceived control in health care of the elderly and to analyze the relevant factors is of great significance to achieve healthy aging.There are many studies on the perceived control of the elderly,but most of them assess the general perceived control or in specific areas of perceived control,and the evaluation of perceived control in health care is relatively small.However,in the current studies,the commonly used assessment tools of perceived control in health care were designed for the general population.The Perceived Control in Health Care Questionnaire developed by Dr.Claassens,L.,is an assessment tool specifically designed to assess the perceived control in health care of the elderly.And there is no report has been found about the Chinese version of the questionnaire and its application in China currently.OBJECTIVETranslate the English version of Perceived Control in Health Care Questionnaire into Chinese,and analysis the reliability and validity;investigate the level of perceived control in health care in the elderly and analyze the related factors,in order to provide theoretical foundation to the health promotion of the elderly.METHODS1.We adapted the English version of Perceived Control in Health Care Questionnaire into Chinese according translation,back-translation and cross-cultural adjustment.Using the convenient sampling method,315 elderly from a nursing home in Guangzhou were selected as the participants between June to September in 2017.We used item analysis,internal consistency,test-retest reliability,content validity,criterion-related validity and exploratory factor analysis to test the reliability validity of the Chinese version of Perceived Control in Health Care Questionnaire.2.Using the convenient sampling method,504 elderly from one nursing home and two communities in Guangzhou were selected between June to November in 2017 and then analyzed the relationship between perceived control in health care and general demographic and quality of life of the elderly.RESULTS1.The Chinese version of Perceived Control in Health Care Questionnaire consisted of 28 items and had good discrimination;the correlation coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.919,and the Cronbach’s a of each factor was 0.746～0.897;the test-retest reliability ICC was 0.933;the scale-level CVI(S-CVI/Ave)was 0.98;the results of criterion-related validity r= 0.670;EFA showed five common factors were extracted which explained the total variance of 73.884%.2.In this study,the average score of the perceived control in health care of the elderly was(93.70 ± 17.69),which was generally in the upper middle level compared with the standard average.The perceived control in health care showed a weak positive correlation with the quality of life;Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences(P<0.05)in perceived control in health care among gender,pension way,educational level,permanent residence,marital status,monthly income,and income sources;multiple linear regression analysis showed that the quality of life,educational level,pension way,monthly income,gender,marital status are the influencing factors of the perceived control in health care in elderly.CONCLUSIONChinese Version of Perceived Control in Health Care Questionnaire showed good reliability and validity and it can be used in the study of perceived control in health care among the elderly in China.In this study,the perceived control in health care among the elderly were in the upper middle level,but community health workers should still pay attention to the quality of life of the elderly.At the same time,we should pay attention to the educational level,pension way,monthly income,gender,marital status of the elderly,and improve the perceived control in health care.