| Research background:Ovarian cancer is one of the very high malignant tumors in female reproductive system.Statistics show that there are about 240,000 new cases of ovarian cancer worldwide each year.Because of its insidious onset,it is difficult to be detected at its early stages.More than 70% of patients have not been diagnosed until the very late stages of the disease(stage III or stage IV).In despite of the continuous improvement of surgical techniques,the updating of chemotherapeutic drugs and the application of molecular targeting drugs in recent years,for a long time,5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer is not optimistic,staying between 35% and 38%,which is a serious threat to women's healthas,as a result of its high invasive and chemotherapy resistance.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and seeking for specific molecular markers are of great significance for the early diagnosis and improvement of the poor prognosis.As molecular biology and epigenetic genetics rise,the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer has been explored to a molecular and genetic level,and more and more ovarian cancer-related genes and proteins have been found.PTEN(phosphatase and tension homology deleted on chromosome 10)acts as a tumor suppressor gene.It is found that the abnormal changes of PTEN gene(deletion or mutation)in many malignant tumors are closely related to the occurrence,development and drug resistance of tumors,and are associated with the adverse prognosis of many tumors.It has been found that there is a lack or mutation of PTEN gene in many malignant tumors,which is closely related to the growth and development of malignant tumors.But there are few reports on the effects of PTEN expression on the generation,progression,invasion and metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma at home and abroad.Wilms gene(Wilms ' tumor gene 1,WT1)was first found in the Wilms tumor as a tumor suppressor gene.In recent years,it has been found that WT1 can function as a oncogene.Overexpressed in multiple malignancies including ovarian cancer,WT1 participates in the proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis of tumors.It is expected to be an important target molecule in early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer.At present,there are few reports on the expression of WT1 and PTEN in ovarian cancer and the correlation between them.In this experiment,Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PTEN protein and WT1 protein in ovarian cancer,and the relationship between the expression of the two and the clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer was investigated.Objective:Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of PTEN protein and WT1 protein in different epithelial ovarian epithelium.Then analyzed the relationship between the expression of the two proteins and the pathological type,clinical staging,pathological grading and lymph node metastasis of EOC,in order to provide the theoretical basis for the early diagnosis of EOC and the development of molecular targeted drug therapy.Methods:A total of 110 cases surgically resected ovarian specimens were collected from three hospitals(the First Hospital of Jilin University,the Second Hospital of Jilin University,the Third Hospital of Jilin University)from January,2016 to March,2018,which included the normal ovarian tissue 20 cases,ovarian benign tumor 20 cases,ovarian borderline tumour 20 cases,epithelial ovarian cancer 50 cases.We used immunohistochemical staining method(S-P)to detect the expression of PTEN protein and WT1 protein in the tissues,and then analyzed the correlation between the expression level and clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer.The results were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software.Results:1.The expression of PTEN was mainly located in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the ovary,with a small amount in the nucleus.The expression rate of PTEN protein in ovarian cancer group(40%)was significantly lower than that in normal ovarian group,benign ovarian group and borderline Ovarian Tumor Group(respectively 90% vs.80% vs.75%,P<0.05).The expression of PTEN protein was unrelated to pathological type of EOC(p>0.05).The positive expression rate of low differentiation group was significantly lower than that in the high-middle differentiation group(respectively 20.8% vs.54.5%,P=0.031).The positive expression rate of ovarian cancer group in I-II stage was higher than that of stage III ovarian cancer group(respectively 86.7% vs.20%,P<0.05).The positive expression rate of lymph node metastasis was lower than those without lymphatic metastasis(respectively 15.6% vs.83.3%,P<0.05).2.The expression of WT1 was mainly located in the nucleus of ovarian epithelial cells.The positive expression rate of WT1 protein in EOC(64%)was significantly higher than that in normal ovary group,benign ovarian group and borderline ovarian tumor group(respectively 5% vs.5% vs.10%,P<0.05).The expression of WT1 was unrelated to the pathological type of ovarian carcinoma(p>0.05).The positive expression rate of the low differentiation group was significantly higher than that of the high-middle differentiation group(respectively 83.3% vs.50.0%,p=0.027).The positive expression rate of Stage I-II ovarian cancer group was lower than that of Stage III ovarian Cancer Group(respectively 26.7% vs.80.0%,p=0.001).The positive expression rates of lymph node metastasis were lower than those without lymphatic metastasis(respectively 33.3% vs.81.3%,p=0.002).3.The results of Spearman Rank Correlation showed that PTEN protein and WT1 protein were negatively correlated in the expression of EOC(r =-0.493,P<0.05).Conclusions:1.PTEN protein may be involved in the development and progression of ovarian cancer and may be a potential reference for differentiating benign and malignant ovarian tumors.2.WT1 protein may be involved in the development of ovarian cancer and may be one of the biological indices for the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.3.The expression of PTEN protein and WT1 protein in epithelial ovarian cancer was negatively correlated,suggesting that there might be a relationship of regulation.The combined detection of PTEN protein and WT1 protein may improve the early diagnosis rate of epithelial ovarian cancer and may be of some guiding role in prognostic evaluation. |
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