| Yintai district is located in the middle of Weibei Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province.Since 1970 s,it has become an important demonstration base of apple production in Shaanxi Province.After decades of development,the cultivation area of Yintai Apple has gradually expanded,and the cultivation mode has also changed in recent years.This study focused on the development and change of apple cultivation mode in Yintai,through collecting and consulting relevant literature,we learned about the changes of main agricultural meteorological factors and the development process of apple industry in Yintai;through the visit and investigation of apple production key towns,the development status,problems and comparative benefits of apple production and Orchard System in this region were analyzed On this basis,the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the innovation of apple cultivation mode in Yintai were put forward.The main results are as follows:1.The apple cultivation mode in Yintai district is mainly arborization cultivation,and dwarfing cultivation mode is in the initial stage.At present,the cultivation area of apple in Yintai is about 2054 hectares,of which 86.5% is arborization cultivation mode,and only 13.5% is dwarf cultivation mode based on dwarf interstock.Fuji is the main variety of arborization cultivation,and Ruiyang,Ruixue,micui and other new and excellent varieties are mainly used in dwarf cultivation.The change of cultivation mode is accompanied by variety renewal.2.The comprehensive benefit of dwarfing cultivation is higher than that of arborization cultivation in Yintai area.By comparing the cost,early fruiting,yield in full fruit period,management labor and cost profit margin of different cultivation modes,it was found that the cost of dwarf cultivation was 378.7% higher than that of arborization cultivation,2-3 years in advance,the yield of full fruit stage was 26% higher,the labor saving was 28.9%,and the cost profit rate was 94.9%.The benefit of Qiaohua orchard is high.By comparing the management labor and cost profit rate of Dense Planting Orchard and Sparse Planting Orchard under arborization mode,it is found that the labor cost of Sparse Planting Orchard is 13.2% lower than that of Dense Planting Orchard,and the cost profit rate is 23.6% higher than that of Dense Planting Orchard.Some dwarf cultivation orchards,due to poor seedling quality,supporting facilities are not in place and other issues affect the efficiency of dwarf cultivation.3.Based on the current situation of planting apple mainly by arborization and dwarfing cultivation is still in the initial stage,combined with the actual ecological cultivation conditions in this region,the improvement countermeasures are put forward as follows: first,strengthen the transformation of arborization orchard,realize "quality improvement and efficiency increase" through the application of thinning and shape modification,high grafting and replacement;second,increase the proportion of dwarfing cultivation,adjust measures to local conditions,and innovate and develop "Yintai apple" Third,in the process of adjusting the cultivation mode,we should cooperate with the introduction of new varieties to improve the apple variety structure in Yintai area,and lay a foundation for labor-saving cultivation in the future. |
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