Comparative Study On Soil Characteristics,Photosynthetic Physiology And Benefits Of Different Intercropping Patterns Of Camellia Oleifera Land

In order to make intensive use of land resources,increase the yield per unit land area,and improve the integration level of agroforestry,it is necessary to use different crops for intercropping in camellia oleifera land.Therefore,this test explored the effects of intercropping and mono-cropping patterns on agronomic traits,microclimate indicators,soil environment,photosynthetic physiology,dry matter accumulation and economic benefits of crops in the camellia oleifer planting base in Wuchuan County,Guizhou province from 2018 to 2019,so as to provide certain reference basis for rational intercropping of camellia oleifer land.The main research results are as follows:1.Compared with the monoculture,the intercropping patterns effectively reduced the air temperature and improved the relative humidity of the air in the forest.At 14:00and 16:00,the intercropping patterns of air temperature was significantly lower than that of monocropia sinica,and decreased by 5.60%and 6.22%respectively.Meanwhile,the air temperature in the mode of intercropping was 5.65%and 5.73%lower than that of monocropia sinica.The temperature of rapeseed intercropping was5.17%and 4.08%lower than that of rapeseed monoculture.The air relative humidity of potato intercropping patterns was significantly increased by 5.31%and 6.18%compared with that of monoculture.At 13:00 and 14:00,the light intensity of potato intercropping patterns was significantly lower than that of monoculture,and decreased by 4.67%and 4.55%,respectively.2.The bulk density of each treatment increased with the increase of soil depth,but the capillary porosity and total porosity of soil decreased with the increase of soil depth.There was no significant difference in soil pH between intercropping and monoculture.In the middle stage of growth,soil organic matter content of rapeseed under intercropping and monoculture patterns increased by 6.84%and 6.13%significantly compared with CK.In seedling stage and mature stage,the difference of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in soil under intercropping and monoculture patterns was not significant compared with CK.In the mature stage,the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content in aspartic intercropping and monoculture increased by 8.77%and 9.49%,respectively.Compared with CK,the content of available potassium in cabbage intercropping and monoculture increased by 9.02%and 11.03%.In the middle growth period of each crop,the S-SC under the intercropping pattern of asparagus,potato,rapeseed and cabbage increased by29.97%,35.65%,30.93%and 19.72%,respectively,compared with CK.The number of bacteria in intercropping and monoculture of each crop was significantly higher than CK,among which the number of bacteria in intercropping and monoculture of asparagine increased by 58.87%and 52.57%,respectively;the number of bacteria in intercropping of potato reached 8.26（×10⁶CFU/g）,which was significantly increased by 92.99%compared with CK.In the mature stage,the number of actinomycetes in the intercropping and monoculture patterns of cabbage increased significantly by 46.93%and 44.96%compared with CK.3.The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of rapeseed were significantly affected by intercropping and monoculture.The net photosynthetic rate of rapeseed intercropping at 10:00 and 16:00 was significantly lower than that of rapeseed monoculture,and decreased by 23.46%and 24.58%,respectively.The transpiration rates of rapeseed intercropping patterns at 11:00 and 14:00 were significantly lower than those of rapeseed monoculture,and decreased by 14.89%and8.41%,respectively.The results showed that intercropping and monoculture patterns had great influence on the intercellular CO₂ concentration of potato.Intercellular CO₂concentration in potato intercropping at 10:00 and 15:00 was significantly lower than that in potato monoculture,decreasing by 13.40%and 12.81%,respectively.In general,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂concentration of each crop were higher than those of intercropping.The regression equation showed that the main factors affecting the net photosynthetic rate of rapeseed and potato were light intensity and air temperature,while that of cabbage was light intensity.Intercropping patterns and mono-cropping patterns had significant impacts on plant height,LAI and SPAD values of potato and rape.At the maturity stage of potato,plant height of intercropping patterns was significantly reduced by 3.13%compared with that of monoculture.In the potato starch accumulation stage,LAI and SPAD values of intercropping patterns were significantly reduced by 15.21%and3.36%compared with those of monoculture.At the same time,the plant height of rapeseed was significantly lower than that of monoculture.LAI in rapeseed bud moss stage and initial flowering stage was significantly lower than that in rapeseed monoculture;SPAD value in the intercropping patterns of initial and final flowering stage was significantly lower than that in rapeseed monoculture.In addition,the plant height of intercropping was significantly lower than that of monoculture,and the SPAD values of rosette stage and nodule stage were 6.67%and 4.68%respectively.On335d after transplanting,the root diameter and plant height of the intercropping patterns were significantly reduced by 5.25%and 5.68%respectively.4.Effects of different planting patterns on dry matter and nutrient accumulation of plants,the results showed that:the overground dry matter in the intercropping patterns at the end flowering stage and the maturity stage of rape significantly decreased by 10.59%and 11.36%,and the root dry weight at the beginning flowering stage,the end flowering stage and the maturity stage of the intercropping patterns decreased by 17.15%,9.59%and 16.91%,respectively,compared with that in the monoculture.The stem and leaf dry weights of the intercropping patterns of potato starch accumulation stage and maturity stage were significantly reduced by 7.85%and8.02%compared with that of monoculture.In the pellet-forming stage of cabbage,the dry matter in the overground part of intercropping patterns decreased by 4.07%compared with that in monoculture.On 240d and 300d after transplanting,the aboveground dry matter in intercropping patterns was significantly reduced by 5.80%and 6.52%compared with that in monoculture.At the same time,there was no significant difference in total P accumulation at the maturity stage of each crop.In the intercropping and monoculture,the total N in the potato and rape fields was significantly higher than that in the underground part,and increased by78.95%,72.54%,77.37%and 72.41%,respectively.5.The land equivalent ratio（LER）of different planting patterns is all higher than1,which comprehensively shows that the intercropping patterns can effectively improve the yield per unit land area.The order of economic benefit of intercropping patterns was as follows:asparagus>cabbage>potato>oilseed rape.