| During the process of the development of modern society, the contradiction amongpopulation, resources and environment becomes more prominent. How to coordinate therelationship between the land for agriculture and forestry, and do more things with fewerresources, is the common goal of everyone in forestry.This paper stated Camellia oleifera(1year seedlings planted in2006) in Sufeng Forest farm,west village town, Yuanzhou district, Yichun, Jiangxi province, as the research object. In January,April, May, June, we respectively arranged four groups of test (group I: Camellia oleiferamonoculture, Rape monoculture, Camellia oleifera-Rape intercropping, group II: Camelliaoleifera monoculture, Soybean monoculture, Camellia oleifera-Soybean intercropping, group III:Camellia oleifera monoculture, Pepper monoculture, Camellia oleifera-Pepper intercropping,group IV: Camellia oleifera monoculture, Sweetpotato monoculture, Camellia oleifera-Sweetpotato intercropping), We had done some researches in some aspects about growthcharacteristics, crop photosynthesis characteristic, mode within the microclimate environment,soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity and soil microbial quantity and land productivity ofdifferent planting patterns in each group, do multi-index comprehensive evaluation of soilfertility with Membership function method, and accounted for the business model of economicbenefit. The main results showed that:(l) The growth condition of Camellia oleifera in different planting patternsThe high of Camellia trees changed from1.91to2.38m in different planting patterns, andthe high of Camellia trees in4kinds of intercropping patterns was lower than monoculturemodes, respectively reduced by10.33%,4.51%,5.04%and10.01%. The diameter of Camelliatrees changed from5.89to6.88cm in different planting patterns, and the diameter of Camelliatrees in4kinds of intercropping patterns was lower than monoculture modes, respectivelyreduced by5.94%,5.52%,3.60%and9.81%. The north-south crown breadth of Camellia treeschanged from1.76to2.80m in different planting patterns, and the north-south crown breadth ofCamellia trees in Camellia oleifera-Rapes pattern was higer than monoculture modes by7.95%,and the north-south crown breadth of Camellia trees in the other3kinds of intercropping patternswas lower than monoculture modes, respectively reduced by3.33%,4.28%and2.98%. Theeast-west crown breadth of Camellia trees changed from1.96to2.48m in different plantingpatterns, and the east-west crown breadth of Camellia trees in4kinds of intercropping patternswas lower than monoculture modes, respectively reduced by10.09%,4.70%,2.04%and13.31%.The total number of camellia root changed from185to248in different planting patterns,and the roots were mainly distributed in vertical0~40cm, in horizontal0~100cm. In theplanting patterns of Camellia oleifera intercropping with four kinds of crop as rape, soybean, pepper and sweet potato, the total number of camellia root was more than the crop monoculturepatterns respectively, increased by17.31%,11.56%,22.79%and19.36%.(2)The environmental conditions and crop photosynthesis characteristic in the differentplanting patternsThe light intensity in different measuring points was different. Comparing with themonoculture crop patterns, the intercropping planting patterns reduced the light intensity and airtemperature, but improved the air relative humidity. Comparing with the monoculture croppatterns, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance of crops in4kindsof intercropping patterns had decreased in different degree, but intercellular CO2concentrationincreased in the intercropping patterns.(3) The distribution of soil water content in different planting patternsVertically, soil moisture contents in different planting patterns were increased with theincrease of soil depth. Horizontally, Soil moisture contents increased with the increase of thedistance from tree line, and then to maintain stability.Soil moisture of the intercropping patterns was lower than the crop monoculture patterns,and generally higher than the camellia monoculture pattern (Rape intercropping pattern undercamellia monoculture pattern).(4) The distribution of soil organic carbon and nutrient elements in different plantingpatternsVertically, the contents of soil organic carbon and nutrient elements in different plantingpatterns were decreased with the increase of soil depth. Horizontally, the contents of organiccarbon and nutrient closed to camelia line were low, and they had a rising trend far from camelialine, but they would fall in the soil field near the crop root system.The contents of soil organic carbon and nutrient elements in the intercropping patterns werelower than the contents in the monoculture crop patterns and most of the monoculture camelliapatterns. The results suggested that there were intensive competitions between crops and camelliatrees for nutrients.(5) The distribution of soil enzyme activity and quality of microbial in different plantingpatternsVertically, soil enzyme activity in different planting patterns was decreased with the increaseof soil depth. Horizontally, the change trend was increased with the increase of the distance fromcamellia line increase, and decreased near the crop root system. Soil enzyme activity of cropintercropping patterns was generally higher than camellia monoculture patterns (the ureaseactivity of camellia-sweetpotato intercropping pattern under the camellia monoculture pattern).The quantity of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in different planting patterns wasdeclined with the increase of soil deepens. The quantity of soil microbial in intercroppingpatterns was higher than camellia monoculture patterns, and generally higher than cropmonoculture patterns (the quantity of fungi in camellia-rape intercropping pattern under the Rapemonoculture pattern).(6) The land productivity and economic benefits in different planting patterns Soil comprehensive fertility qualifying: Camellia oleifera monoculture pattern<Camelliaoleifera-Rape intercropping pattern<Rape monoculture pattern, Camellia oleifera monoculturepattern<Soybean monoculture pattern<Camellia oleifera-Soybean intercropping pattern,Camellia oleifera-Pepper intercropping pattern<Camellia oleifera monoculture pattern<Peppermonoculture pattern, Camellia oleifera-Sweetpotato intercropping pattern<Camellia oleiferamonoculture pattern<Sweetpotato monoculture pattern.The economic benefit ranks: Sweet potato monoculture pattern>Pepper monoculturepattern>Camellia oleifera-Sweetpotato interplanting pattern>Camellia oleifera-Pepperinterplanting pattern>Camellia oleifera-Rape intercropping pattern>Camellia oleifera-Soybeaninterplanting pattern>Camellia oleifera monoculture pattern>Soybean monoculture pattern>Rape monoculture pattern.(7) The selection of land productivity and economic benefit based on composite patternFor the soil comprehensive fertility, Camellia oleifera-Soybean intercropping pattern shouldbe considered suitable. And for the economic benefit, Camellia oleifera-Pepper intercroppingpattern should be considered suitable. At the same time, according to the actual situation of lowwater, nutrient, light effect, we should take measures to clip the long branch and fertilize. In thisway, we can increase production, promote sustainable development of the compound businesspattern. |
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