Economic Benefit Analysis Of Three Main Intercropping Systems In Hua County,Henan Province

Intercropping system can improve farmland biogeographic community,improve field ecological microenvironment,improve the utilization rate of planting crops for light,heat,water and gas,further increase the diversity and complexity of vegetation in the group,improve the richness of natural enemies,improve the resistance of plants to adverse habitats,and reduce the incidence of diseases and pests to a certain extent.According to the reality of China’s agricultural production and the needs of sustainable agricultural development,the development of intercropping plantingsystem can be used as an important way of green,high-quality and high-yield cultivation.From 2019 to 2020,this experiment conducted field investigation and related index measurement on the three main intercroppingsystems of maize/soybean,maize/peanut and maize/Sweet Potato Planted continuously for 6 years in Hua county,Henan Province.Combined with the questionnaire survey of farmers,it is planned to analyze the current situation of comprehensive technology integration in various crop combinations,cultivation methods and field management under different compound plantings ystems;On the 25th day after maize filling（the vigorous growth period of each crop）,the spatial distribution characteristics of the roots of each crop in the maize/soybean and maize/peanut systems in the field were measured,and the residual status of inorganic nitrogen in the soil profile of each intercropping zone was measured in the mature period,in order to clarify the utilization of soil resources by each system;In the later stage of crop growth,investigate the population stress resistance,and harvest at the time of crop harvest,so as to obtain the actual yield,crop test and quality,and through detailed recording and investigation of material data and labor input under each intercroppingsystem,in order to explore the social and economic benefits and ecological and environmental benefits of each intercroppingsystem.The main results are as follows:the three intercroppingsystems have reasonable intercropping row ratio,bandwidth,variety matching and appropriate auxiliary high-efficiency field management technology,which can make full use of the advantages of intercropping.In the miaze/soybean intercropping system,the maize yield is 10.51 t/ha,the soybean yield is 3.75 t/ha,the maize partial land equivalent ratio（PLER）is 1.07,the soybean partial land equivalent ratio（PLER）is 0.60,and the system land equivalent ratio（LER）is1.67.In the maize/peanut intercropping system,the maize yield is 10.42 t/ha,the peanut yield is 11.15 t/ha,the PLER of maize is 1.07,and the PLER of peanut is 0.33.In the whole crop system,the LER is 1.40.In the maize/Sweet Potato Intercropping System,the average yield per plant of Sweet Potato Intercropping was 10.2-18.5%higher than that of its monoculture.The average yield of maize per mu is 9.99 t/ha,and the yield of sweet potato is41.45 t/ha（net yield）,which is lower than that of single cropping sweet potato on the whole,but the quality of intercropping sweet potato is very good.The root tubers are uniform in size,easy to manage and convenient to harvest.Under interannual environmental conditions and adverse conditions,it can show the stable yield advantage of maize/soybean and maize/peanut intercropping.Compared with monoculture system,the aboveground biomass of the three intercroppingsystems increased by 5.2%-18.5%.After intercropping,there is no significant difference in the quality indexes of each crop.At the same time,the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved,and the distribution of underground roots tends to be reasonable.The measurement results of inorganic nitrogen residue in soil profile during harvest also reflect that the intercroppingsystem can make full use of nutrients and water resources,achieve the purpose of water saving,fertilizer saving,yield increasing and efficiency increasing,and achieve good ecological and environmental benefits.The net income of single cropping maize is 1106 yuan/667m~2,and the net income of interplanting maize,soybean,peanut and sweet potato is 2245 yuan/667m~2,2349 yuan/mu and 3055yuan/667m~2,respectively.Compared with monoculture,the net income per 667m~2of intercropping is higher than that of maize monoculture.Therefore,it can be concluded that the intercropping with maize as the main crop increases the net income of farmers by 24%-75%,with an average increase of 47%.The overall economic benefit of maize intercropping is better than that of maize monoculture.Intercropping is conducive to give full play to the edge effect of maize,fully tap the production potential of maize per plant,effectively solve the actual contradiction of grain and oil competing for land,increase the income of peanuts and soybeans under the condition of ensuring the stable yield of maize,enhance the stability of agricultural production,improve the labor employment rate,and realize the simultaneous increase of grain and oil production and farmers’income.Therefore,the three main intercropping systems of maize/soybean,maize/peanut and maize/sweet potato in Hua County,Henan Province are worthy of further popularization and application.