| The vegetable soil cultivation model has low utilization rate of fertilizer and water,is easy to cause continuous cropping obstacles and causes soil salinization,which restricts the development of facility vegetables.The all-organic nutrition bag type cultivation mode using organic matrix plus organic nutrient solution has strong fertilizer and water retention capacity,high organic nutrient solution and high water utilization rate,can effectively avoid soil continuous cropping obstacles,improve vegetable quality,etc.,and is important in the development of facility vegetables.significance.In order to explore the best combination of organic nutrient solution and water drip irrigation,the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of tomato in the facility was realized.In this experiment,the Dutch“Jia Sina”tomato was used as the test material to study the coupling effect of organic fertilizer and water in the facility bag tomato.The organic nutrient droplets were set at five levels of 0,3.48,12,20.52 and 24L/plant.The irrigated evaporation(ET)was 1.20 ET,1.26 ET,1.40 ET,1.54 ET,1.60 ET.At the same level,a total of 9 treatments were carried out by binary quadratic orthogonal rotation design.The effects of different organic nutrient solution and water drip irrigation on tomato growth and development,photosynthesis,nutrient absorption,fruit quality,volatile matter,yield and fertilizer were studied.The main findings of the use of efficiency and other aspects are as follows:1.With the promotion of tomato growth period,the growth rate of various morphological indexes of plants increased from slow to fast,and the plant height of tomato treated showed a linear growth trend,and the plant height,leaf area and stem diameter increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer and water.Among them,When the organic nutrient droplets are per 12 L/plant and the water drip is 1.4 ET,the effect is the best;after entering the fruiting stage,the growth rate of the plant is slower and slower.Different organic nutrient solution and water drip irrigation had significant effects on photosynthesis of tomato during each growth period.Net photosynthetic rate was higher during flowering and fruiting period and fruit harvesting period,and the harvesting period decreased.Organic nutrient solution and water drip irrigation volume were too low.Or too high will inhibit the photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis of plants,leading to a decrease in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate.When the organic nutrient droplets are per 12 L/plant and the water drip is 1.4 ET,the net photosynthetic rate was the highest,and the harvesting period reached 25.49μmol/m~2/s.2.The effect of organic nutrient solution on the comprehensive quality is greater than that of water.When the fertilizer water is at a higher or lower level,it is not conducive to improving the comprehensive quality.Reasonable control of organic nutrient solution and water drip irrigation can effectively improve the comprehensive quality of tomato fruit.The quality model showed that when the organic nutrient droplet irrigation volume was 10.30 L/plant and the water drip irrigation amount was 1.35 ET,the tomato fruit had the best comprehensive quality.A total of 77 volatile substances and 14 characteristic aroma substances were detected in each tomato fruit,and the main components were 2-hexenal,n-hexanal and methyl salicylate.With the increase of the amount of organic nutrient droplets,the content of aroma substances first increased and then decreased.With the increase of water drip irrigation,the content of aroma substances decreased gradually,showing a"dilution effect".Under the condition of low-water conditions,tomato fruit flavor the best.3.The absorption of nutrients in the plants increased first and then decreased slowly with the increase of organic nutrient solution and water drip irrigation.When the organic nutrient droplets are per 12 L/plant and the water drip is 1.4 ET,the plant was the highest,the demand for nitrogen and potassium was higher than that of phosphorus,and the nutrient accumulation in fruits was the fastest.The content of nutrient elements in the matrix increased with the increase of the amount of organic nutrient droplets,and decreased with the increase of water drip irrigation,which was the highest in the flowering and fruiting period.The content of heavy metal elements in tomato fruit and substrate increased with the increase of organic nutrient solution,and the increase of irrigation amount could reduce it.With the advancement of tomato growth period,the dry matter accumulation of various organs of tomato plants increased significantly,and the accumulation of dry matter accumulation of fruits increased the fastest.With the increase of fertilizer and water levels,the accumulation of dry matter increased gradually.At high altitude,the dry matter accumulation of tomato decreased,and when the organic nutrient droplets are per 12 L/plant and the water drip is 1.4 ET,the total dry matter accumulation was significantly higher than other treatments.The harvesting period was221.2g/plant,which was 15.81%-38.68%higher than other treatments.4.The amount of organic nutrient solution and water drip irrigation has a positive effect on yield.The effect of organic nutrient solution on yield is greater than that of water.The yield increases first and then decreases with the increase of fertilizer and water level.The yield model shows that when the organic nutrient droplet irrigation volume is 17.09 L/plant,when the water drip irrigation amount is 1.45 ET,the highest yield is 5989 kg/667 m~2.The fertilizer utilization rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.With the increase of the amount of organic nutrient solution,When the organic nutrient droplet filling amount is 3.48 L/plant and the water drip irrigation amount is 1.54 ET,the nitrogen utilization rate was the highest,and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer was the highest.The water use efficiency was related to irrigation.The increase of the amount showed a downward trend.Appropriate increase of the amount of organic nutrient solution could improve the water use efficiency.When the organic nutrient droplet filling amount is 12 L/plant and the water drip irrigation amount is 1.4 ET,the water utilization rate is the highest,which was 20.54 kg/m~3,which was 5.01%-31.33%higher than other treatments.Considering the factors such as tomato morphology,photosynthesis,quality,nutrient absorption,yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency,T9 treatment is the optimal combination of organic fertilizer and water,that is,the organic nutrient droplets are 12L/plant,and the water is managed by 1.40ET for organic fertilizer and water management.It is beneficial to promote plant growth and development,improve fruit quality and yield,and has high fertilizer and water use efficiency,which is conducive to the higher quality and efficient production of facility tomato organic cultivation. |
