| In order to reduce production costs,save water and fertilizer resources,achieve precise water and fertilizer management for tomato production,and achieve the goal of high yield,high quality and high efficiency production levels,with a view to providing a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for scientific water and fertilizer management of tomato in Jilin area facilities.In this study,the effects of water-fertilizer coupling on the morphology,physiology,yield,quality and water use efficiency of facility tomatoes were analysed in a greenhouse field trial using’Ji Fan No.6’tomato as the test material,combined with water-fertilizer integration technology,setting three lower irrigation limits（W1:60%θF,W2:70%θF,W3:80%θF）and three fertilizer concentrations（F1:N78-KH2PO420-K2SO4122kg/hm2,F2:N156-KH2PO440-K2SO4244kg/hm2,F3:N234-KH2PO460-K2SO4366kg/hm2）,and using local irrigation and fertilizer levels as controls.The following main conclusions were obtained from the study:1.The growth rate of plant height,stem thickness and leaf area per plant all trended faster and then slower as fertility progressed.Tomato plant height and stem thickness both increased and then decreased with the rise of water and fertilizer.Leaf area increased with irrigation when the amount of fertilizer applied was constant,and increased and then decreased with fertilizer application when the amount of irrigation was constant.Plant height,stem thickness and leaf area of the W2F2 treatment performed best from 28 to 108 days after planting.The interaction between water and fertiliser had a highly significant effect on stem thickness and leaf area,but not on plant height.2.chlorophyll content and photosynthetic indexes showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of water and fertilizer during the fruiting period,and root vigour also showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of water and fertilizer during the pre-fruiting and mid-fruiting periods.The W2F2 treatment showed the best photosynthetic indexes during the fruiting period,with Pn,Tr,Gs and Ci increasing by 63.18%,55.96%,16.13%and 21.86%,respectively,compared with the CK treatment.The effect of water-fertilizer interaction on intercellular CO2 concentration reached a highly significant level,the effect on photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate reached a significant level,and the water-fertilizer interaction had no significant effect on stomatal conductance.3.When the amount of irrigation was fixed,the yield of tomato showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of fertilizer application.The highest yield of 2.72 kg per plant was achieved in the W3F2 treatment,which was42.41%higher than the CK treatment,but was not significantly different from the W2F2 treatment.Water use efficiency was highest in the W3F1 treatment,reaching76.91 kg/m3.The water-fertiliser interaction had no significant effect on the single fruit weight of tomatoes in the facility and the effect on tomato yield reached a significant level.4.When the amount of irrigation is certain,tomato soluble sugars,VC content and lycopene showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of fertilizer application,and titratable acid,nitrate and sugar-acid ratio showed an increase with the increase of fertilizer application.When the amount of fertilizer was applied,tomato soluble sugars,VC content and lycopene showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with increasing irrigation,titratable acid and nitrate showed a decreasing trend,and sugar to acid ratio showed an increasing trend.Principal component analysis showed that the best overall fruit quality was achieved by the W3F3 treatment,followed by W2F2,with both scores close to each other.5.The total dry matter accumulation of tomato plants was highest in the W2F2treatment,31.98%higher than the CK treatment,and significantly different from the other treatments.All greenhouse tomato dry matter accumulation showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing water and fertilizer.The effect of water-fertilizer interaction on total dry matter accumulation and leaf dry matter accumulation of tomatoes in the facility was highly significant.6.The order of nutrient uptake and accumulation by different organs of tomato was fruit>leaf>stem>root,and the order of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake was potassium>nitrogen>phosphorus.The accumulation of whole plant nitrogen uptake was significantly higher in the W2F2 treatment than in the other treatments,the accumulation of whole plant phosphorus was highest in the W3F2treatment,the accumulation of whole plant potassium uptake was significantly higher in the W3F1 treatment than in the other treatments,and the accumulation of whole plant nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the CK treatment was significantly lower than in the water-fertilizer coupled test group.The interaction between water,fertilizer and water-fertilizer coupling had a highly significant effect on the nutrient uptake and accumulation of tomato.7.The EC and organic matter contents of the tomato soils showed an overall increasing trend with fertility,followed by a decreasing trend in p H.The soil physical and chemical properties of the W2F2 treatment were optimal for tomato cultivation.The effects of irrigation and fertiliser application on soil physicochemical properties and nutrients were greater than the effects of coupled water-fertiliser interactions.Taking into account morphology,physiology,yield,quality,water use efficiency and nutrient content,the best water-fertiliser combination for tomato cultivation in Jilin was the W2F2 treatment（fertiliser ratios of N:156 kg/hm2,KH2PO4:40 kg/hm2,K2SO4:244 kg/hm2;lower limit of irrigation:70%θF）.This combination of water and fertiliser resulted in a yield of 151851 kg/hm2 of tomato with high overall fruit quality and a water utilisation rate of 69.48 kg/m3,contributing to high yield,quality and efficiency of tomato production. |
