Study On The Compensation Standards And Guarantee Mechanism Of Cropland Retirement

For a long time,extensive agricultural production mode in our country has caused a series of problems,such as serious land fertility declining,decrease of groundwater level,aggravation of agricultural non-point source pollution and so on.Agricultural resources and cultivated land environment have been under great pressure,which threatens China’s food security,food safety and sustainable development of agriculture.For this reason,during the period of improving the relationship between supply and demand of grain in China,our government has proposed the implementation of the cropland retirement policy in a draft of the 13 th Five-Year Plan and documents of the Central Committee.in 2016,2017 and 2018.The gradual withdrawal of arable land contracted by some farmers from the production sequence and that of the marginal production overloaded capacity of arable land is to improve the farmland fertility,improve the quality of agricultural supply,and further promote the greening and high-quality of agriculture.Major measures are taken to promote the transformation of agricultural production from "increasing production" to "improving quality".How to formulate scientific and reasonable cropland retirement compensation standard,which can not only make up for the loss of fallow farmers,maintain the stability of rural society,but also improve the quality of cultivated land.Cropland retirement compensation standard is the key link in the cropland retirement policy formulation,which can not only guarantee the food security,the grain supply but also make the agriculture development sustainable,but also guarantee that the cropland retirement policy continues to advance smoothly.The paper is divided into six parts:(1)The current status and predicament of the formulation of the compensation standard for cropland retirement in China.It combs the status quo of cropland retirement compensation standards in three regions of China:groundwater funnel area,ecologically seriously degraded area and heavy metals polluted area.It is pointed out that the main difficulties faced by the formulationt of compensation standard for cropland retirement in China are that the market cannot respond to the total losses of fallow farmers,the formulation of compensation standards is lack of legislative authority,and the compensation standards is insufficient incentive to the farmers,and there are limitations compensation basis.At the same time,three major reform directions are put forward:respecting the status of farmers as the subject of compensation,fully estimating the losses of fallow farmers,and formulating compensation standards according to local conditions.(2)Drawing lessons from the international experience to establish the compensation standard for cropland retirement.The cropland retirement compensation standard in the United States,European Union,Japan and Taiwan gives us some enlightenment:the compensation standard should be based on the will of fallow farmers,on cost-benefit maximization,which should be diversified,dynamic,and should be guaranteed by laws and regulations.(3)Calculation and formulation method of compensation standard for cropland retirement in China.This paper mainly analyzes from four aspects the basic principles of the compensation standard of cropland retirement in China:stabilizing farmers’ income,respecting farmers’ will,balancing fairness and efficiency,and the simplicity of the implementation of compensation standards.This paper analyzes the factors that affect the formulation of the compensation standard of the cropland retirement in China from four aspects:the calculation of fallow farmers’ loss,the development policy of the urban tendency,the consultation of the related stakeholders,the state development stage..Finally,the paper puts forward the calculation method of the compensation standard of cropland retirement in China,which is the comprehensive calculation method and the method of willingness to be compensated.(4)The empirical analysis of compensation standard of cropland retirement in China.Through the empirical analysis of the primary data obtained from the field investigation,it is concluded that the compensation standard for fallow farmers:The ecological seriously degraded area is 475 yuan/mu-564 yuan/mu,the heavy metals polluted area is 451yuan/mu-886 yuan/mu,and the groundwater funnel area is 300yuan/mu-617 yuan/mu.(5)The guarantee mechanism of cropland retirement compensation standard in China.The paper puts forward the ways to ensure the establishment of compensation standard for cropland retirement in China from three aspects of promoting the legalization of compensation standard,perfecting the communication and coordination system of compensation standard formulation and encouraging citizen participation in the establishment of compensation standard.(6)Research conclusions,policy recommendations and prospects.Five policy suggestions are put forward:actively propagating cropland retirement policy,raising fallow farmers’ awareness of cultivated land protection,constructing differential compensation standard,paying attention to compensation fairness and efficiency,fully respecting fallow farmers’ willingness to be compensated and putting "agriculture-oriented" in the first place;scientific estimating fallow farmers losses,and insisting on compensation and losses to be consistent;plan the source of the compensation funds rationally,and ensure the sustained supply of fallow compensation fundsThe innovation of the paper is:(1)the systematic research is carried out from the perspective of establishing the compensation standard of cropland retirement,which is important but not well studied in the existing literature,which enriches the fallow research object.(2)Combined with the field survey of primary data to carry out empirical analysis to improve the reliable conclusions of the study,which provides a reference for practice departments when formulating policies.