Analysis On Current Situation Of Farmers’ Land Transfer And Its Influencing Factors In Poor Mountainous Areas Under The Background Of Rural Revitalization

With the continuous reform and improvement of China’s rural land system,agricultural development has gradually advanced to scale,modernization and sustainable development,and agricultural productivity has been continuously improved.However,the shortcomings brought about by the small-scale farmland management of the household contract responsibility system have become increasingly prominent.Judging from the practical experience of world agricultural development,rural farmland scale management,which is an objective requirement for developing a market economy,can fully and effectively allocate various resource elements,and maximize agricultural production efficiency and farmland use sustainability.In order to effectively solve the "three rural issues" and ensure national food security,China has fully implemented the rural revitalization strategy,established and improved the system reform from urban-rural integration to urban-rural merging,implemented the precise poverty alleviation strategy,and deepened the reform of the rural land contract management system.Emphasis is placed on the implementation of collective ownership,the stabilization of farmers’ contracting rights,the release of land management rights,and the encouragement of rural development in various forms of modest scale operations.Therefore,on the basis of respecting the peasants’ subjectivity and respecting the market rules,improving the rural cultivated land transfer management system,standardizing the rural cultivated land transfer market,and ensuring the basic rights of farmers are important tasks in promoting the rural peasant circulation.This study took the current situation of farmland transfer in Heshun County,Shanxi Province,a key county for poverty alleviation and development in the country as the entry point.Based on the 2016-2017 rural land contract management right confirmation work,a sample survey was conducted on farmers in Heshun County,Shanxi Province.The methods of questionnaire survey,descriptive statistical analysis,comparative analysis and econometric analysis were adopted.Based on the theory of farmer behavior,land rent theory,property rights theory and scale economy theory,the basic conditions of the sample farmer households,the characteristics of cultivated land resources and social security were described through data statistics,and the farmer’s cultivated land transfer behavior and causes were analyzed.The key points were that in addition to the policy factors in the context of the times,the driving factors of the dominant cultivated land transfer market were mainly derived from the measurement of the optimal allocation of household resources by farmers as “rational brokers”.By constructing the Logistic model and the Tobit model,the influencing factors of the behavior and scale of farmer’s cultivated land transfer-in and transfer-out were analyzed,and relevant countermeasures were proposed based on the field situation of the study area.The results show that(1)The cultivated land transfer market in the study area is relatively active.About 74% of the farmers participate in the conversion of cultivated land,and the number of transfer-out cases is greater than that of the transfer-in.(2)The behavior and scale of farmland transfer-in in poor mountainous areas are mainly affected by the following factors: The number of part-time workers has a significant negative impact on farmers’ cultivated land transfer-in behavior;Whether or not planting cash crops has a significant positive impact on the scale of farmers’ cultivated land transfer-in;The number of labors and whether or not to purchase agricultural insurance have a significant positive impact on farmers’ cultivated land transfer-in behavior and scale.Therefore,the measurement of household labor allocation and cultivated land resource input is the main basis for decision-making of farmers’ cultivated land transfer behavior,and presents the rational economic person characteristics of farmers.(3)Farmers’ cultivated land transfer-out behavior and scale have been significantly affected by three factors: family characteristics,resource endowment and social security.The age of the head of household and the annual income per capita have a significant positive impact on the scale of farmer’s cultivated land transfer-out;Whether to purchase agricultural insurance has a significant positive impact on farmers’ cultivated land transfer-out behavior;The highest education level of the household and the per capita area of cultivated land have a significant positive impact on the farmer’s cultivated land transfer-out behavior and scale.(4)Agricultural insurance not only promotes the farmer’s cultivated land transfer-in behavior,but also affects the farmer’s cultivated land transfer-out behavior.Since other social welfare in the poor mountainous areas weakened the social security function of the land and effectively avoided the risk of cultivated land transfer,the farmers were more assured of cultivated land transfer and activated the cultivated land transfer market.In conclusion,in response to the dominant factors affecting the farmer’s cultivated land transfer,the rural land circulation policy should aim at the rural development,encourage the development of agriculture-specialized households and family farms by improving agricultural production skills.At the same time,encourage the transfer-out farmers to dismiss the cultivated land operating rights by improveing their cultural literacy and competence in non-agriculture employment.