Changes Of Jejunal Flora Of Broilers With Ascites Syndrome And The Mechanism Of Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine

Ascites Syndrome(AS)is a nutritional metabolic disease with high mortality.It has many causes,such as genetics and nutrition,which cause serious harm to the poultry industry.The pathogenesis of AS includes pulmonary hypertension,intestinal ammonia production hypothesis,and heart-lung injury hypothesis.Studies have shown that the occurrence of ascites in mammals is often accompanied by intestinal flora imbalance,resulting in changes in the content of short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides in their metabolites,thereby promoting the occurrence of ascites.The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal flora in AS broilers and the concentration of SCFA in the intestinal contents and the contents of LPS in intestinal contents,intestinal tissues and serum,and the prevention and treatment of compound traditional Chinese medicine on AS.MethodThe AS model was created by multi-factor method.A tatol of 240 8-day-old Rose broilers were randomly divided into four groups,blank group(breed with standard diet at room temperature),model group(high-energy diet derived from standard diet added with 3% lard and 4% fish meal and 0.12% Na+ in drinking water at 9-11 ℃),CTCM Group(feeding the same model group,adding 2 m L/kg compound Chinese medicine to drinking water every day),Group L-Arg(feed the same model group and add 1%L-Arg in diet).High-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect jejunal flora and gas chromatography was used to detect the concentration of SCFA and ELISA was used to detect the concentration of LPS.Result1.Analysis of alpha diversity of jejunal intestinal flora: Compared with Group blank,the ACE,Chao1,Shannon index of Group Control was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and Simpson was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with Group Control,ACE,Chao1 and Shannon indexes of CTCM Group increased significantly,the Simpson index decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the ACE of Group L-Arg increased significantly(P< 0.01),there is no significant difference between the other indexes.2.Beta diversity analysis of jejunal intestinal flora: the abundance heat map analysis showed that the four replicates in each group had the highest similarity and each clustered into one group.CTCM Group and Group blank were clustered into one group.Group Control and Group L-Arg were clustered into one group.The result indicats that CTCM Group was the most similar with Group blank.3.Community structure analysis was conducted to describe: at phylum level: 11 phylums of broiler intestinal flora were detected,including Firmimutes,Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria which accounts for99.37% of the total bacteria.Compared with Group blank,the abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly increased in Group Control.Compared with Group Control,the abundance of Firmicutes was significantly increased(P<0.01 or P<0.05),and the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.05)in CTCM Group and Group L-Arg.At class level: The dominant classes of Group blank are Bcilli,Gammaproteobacteria and Clostridia.Compared with Group blank,the abundance of Bcilli was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was significantly increased(P<0.01)in Group Control.Compared with Group Control,the abundance of Bcilli was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was significantly decreased(P<0.01)in CTCM Group and Group L-Arg.At order level: The dominant orders in Group blank are Lactobacillales,Enterobacteriales,Clostridiales.Compared with Group blank,the abundance of Lactobacillales decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the abundance of Enterobacteriales increased significantly(P<0.01)in Group Control.Compared with Group Control,the abundance of Lactobacillales increased significantly(P<0.01)and the abundance of Enterobacteriales decreased significantly(P<0.05)in the CTCM Group and Group L-Arg.At family level: The dominant families of Group blank are Lactobacillaceae,Enterobacteriaceae,Ruminococcaeceae.Compared with Group blank,the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaeceae was significantly decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.05),and the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly increased(P<0.01 or P<0.05)in Group Control;compared with Group blank,the abundance of Enterococcaceae and Streptomycetaceae in the CTCM Group increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with Group Control,the abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Ruminococcaeceae increased significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased(P < 0.01)in the CTCM Group and Group L-Arg.Genus level: the dominant genuses of Group blank are Lactobacillus and Escherichia-Shigella,Compared with Group blank,the abundance of Lactobacillus decreased significantly(P<0.01),Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus increased significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.05)in Group Control.Compared with Group Control,the abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly increased(P<0.01),the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus were significantly decreased(P<0.05)in CTCM Group and Group L-Arg;the abundance of Intetinibacter,Anaerrotruncus,Faecalibacterium,uncultured-bacterium-f-Ruminococcaceae in the CTCM Group was significantly increased(P<0.05).4.Analysis of SCFA: Compared with Group blank,the concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid in Group Control were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with Group Control,the concentrations acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid significantly increased(P<0.05)in CTCM Group.The concentration of butyric acid significantly increased(P<0.05)in Group L-Arg.5.Analysis of LPS: Compared with Group blank,the level of LPS in serum,jejunum tissue and jejunum contents were significantly increased(P<0.01)in Group Control;compared with Group Control,the level of LPS in serum,jejunum tissue and jejunum contents were significantly decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.05)in CTCM Group and Group L-Arg.Conclusion:1.The intestinal flora in ascites syndrome broiler disordered,abundance and diversity decreased significantly.The number of opportunistic pathogens such as Proteobacteria,Escherichia-Shigella,Enterococcus,is increased in the jejunum,and the level of LPS in serum,jejunum tissue and contents is increased;The number of beneficial bacteria such as Firmimutes and Lactobacillus decreased in the jejunum,and the concentration of SCFA in jejunal contents decreased,which involved in the occurrence of ascites syndrome.2.Compound Chinese medicine and L-Arg can regulate intestinal flora,increase the number of beneficial bacteria,reduce the number of harmful bacteria,reduce the level of LPS in serum,jejunum tissue and jejunum contents,and increase the concentration of SCFA in jejunum contents which can effectively prevent and treat ascites syndrome of broiler.