Genetic Diversity Of Cultivated Peanut Germplasm Resources

Peanut germplasm resources are the material basis for genetic improvement,and its abundance and related research play a decisive role in superiority and effectiveness for breeding.The researches of genetic diversity and characteristics is the major work for peanut germplasm resources,and contribute to promoting effective utilization of peanut germplasm resources and breeding new varieties.In this study,more than 115 peanut varieties from various regions were evaluated in agronomic and quality character,and explored the possibility of peanut molecular marker assisted breeding.The results of the study are as follows:1.Studies on agronomic traits showed that the coefficient of variation of the productivity and full fruit per plant was 46.5% and 48.2%,which was higher than other agronomic traits.The traits that affect the productivity were the number of full fruit per plant,100-pod weight,100-kernel weight,and ripening days.The cluster analysis of the tested peanut germplasm was divided into two groups,Miscanthus subspecies and C.barbadense subspecies.Peanut germplasms of different botanical types can be distinguished by agronomic traits,and develop the use value of different peanut germplasm by improving agronomic traits.2.The coefficient of variation of the quality traits was from 2.14 to 12.11.The oleic acid in the germplasm resources was the largest coefficient of variation and linoleic acid was the smallest.The oleic acid and linoleic acid were influenced by protein content,palmitic acid content,arachidonic acid content,and erucic acid.The cluster analysis of quality traits was divided into three categories.The oleic acid/linoleic acid(O/L)values of the third group of peanut germplasm were more than 2.0,which could provide reference for peanut quality breeding.3.The genetic diversity of 115 was tested using 78 pairs of SSR primers and 51 pairs of AhMITE transposon primers.Among them,3 pairs of SSR primers were detected good polymorphism and accounted for 3.8%;28 pairs of AhMITE transposon primers were detected good polymorphism and accounted for 54.9%.A total of 65 sites were detected in 1 pair,including 64 polymorphic sites.The results of molecular markers indicated that different varieties of peanuts could be divided into three major categories when the genetic similarity coefficient at 0.7 level,including thinning subspecies,dense subspecies,and thinning subspecies.The classification was consistent with the botany classification.4.Genetic diversity of peanut germplasm using agronomic traits,quality traits,and molecular markers are all optional methods based on orientation of the breeding traits and environmental conditions.It is necessary to synthesize the results of different analysis methods in breeding to obtain more accurate analysis results.Based on the characteristics of Liaoning Province’s regional environment and peanut production targets,it is proposed to expand the variety of peanuts on the basis of the original main planting peanut varieties,and to supplement materials,such as Huaxiao 102,15D8,15H17,LH917 and 15D1,to promote the selection and breeding of high-yield and high-quality peanut varieties.