Studies On The Inheritance And Ssr Molecular Markers Of Main Agronomic And Quality Traits Based On The Progeny Populations Of Fagopyrum Tatari-cymosum Chen

Fagopyrum tatari-cymosum is a semi-perennial new buckwheat type developped from the interspecific hybridization between F.tataricum and F.cymosum.It is also known as perennial tartary buckwheat due to its partial perennial characteristics of F.cymosum.At present,there is a lack of research on sexual hybridization,agronomic traits,quality traits,and molecular markers of F.tatari-cymosum,which limits its breeding work.This study used F₂ and F₃ populations obtained through sexual hybridization with Jinku2012-2257 as the female parent and Jinku2012-9as the male parent to study 14 agronomic traits,5 quality traits,and their SSR molecular markers in the hybrid population of F.tatari-cymosum,in order to provide a theoretical basis and new materials for F.tatari-cymosum breeding.The main results are as follows:（1）Construction of F.tatari-cymosum populationsSexual hybridization was carried out using the artificial emasculation and pollination method of newly bloomed flowers,resulting in a total of 5"Jinku2012-2257×Jinku2012-11"populations and 6"Jinku2012-2257×Jinku2012-9"populations.It can provide a large amount of resources for the breeding of F.tatari-cymosum.（2）Genetic research on the main agronomic and quality traits of F.tatari-cymosum populationsThe variation coefficient of the main agronomic and quality traits in the F₂ population is as follows:grain weight per plant>grain number per plant>branch number of main stem>glutenin content>main stem diameter>gliadin content>globulin content>node number within 20 cm of the base>plant height>albumin content>flavonoid content>1000-grains weight>node number of main stem>grain area>grain length to width ratio>grain length>grain perimeter>grain width>grain diameter.The variation coefficient of the main agronomic and quality traits in the F₃ population is as follows:grain number per plant>grain weight per plant>globulin content>branch number of main stem>gliadin content>node number within 20 cm of the base>main stem diameter>1000-grains weight>albumin content>flavonoid content>node number of main stem>plant height>grain area>grain length>grain length to width ratio>grain width>grain perimeter>grain diameter.The results of heritability analysis showed that the broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability of nine traits including 1000-grains weight,grain length,grain length width ratio,grain perimeter,flavonoid content,albumin content,globulin content,gliadin content,and glutenin content of the F.tatari-cymosum population were at a relatively high level,suitable for breeding in early generations;The broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability of main stem diameter and grain weight per plant are at a low level,which are suitable for breeding in higher generations;Plant height,main stem diameter,branch number of main stem,node number of main stem,node number within 20 cm of the base and grain number per plant,all of which have obvious differences between the broad-sense heritability and the narrow-sense heritability,indicating that these traits are greatly affected by non-additive effects,and special attention should be paid in breeding.There are significant or extremely significant positive correlations between plant type related traits（plant height,main stem diameter,branch number of main stem,node number of main stem,and node number within20 cm of the base）in the F₂ and F₃ populations of F.tatari-cymosum,indicating that there may be some linkage and correlation between traits related to plant type.Moreover,there is a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between grain weight per plant and grain number per plant and plant type.There is a significant or extremely significant positive relationship between the thousand grain weight and grain traits in the F₂ and F₃ populations of F.tatari-cymosum.Plants with larger and fuller grains will have higher 1000-grains weight.In addition,there is a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between flavonoid content and grain traits.The larger and fuller grain lines in the F₂and F₃ populations of F.tatari-cymosum may have higher flavonoid content,which is exactly the opposite of the trait performance in the parents.（3）SSR molecular marker analysisA preliminary polymorphism screening was conducted on 406 pairs of SSR primers using maternal（Jinku2012-2257）and paternal（Jinku2012-9）parents,and 76 pairs of primers with polymorphism between the parents were obtained,accounting for approximately 18.72%of the total.Selecting50 pairs of primers with good polymorphism and clear bands in the F₂population for analysis,a total of 149 polymorphic loci were obtained.A partial separation analysis was conducted on 50 markers,and a total of 16 markers showed significant partial separation,accounting for 32.00%.Among the partial separation markers,13 were biased towards the female parent and 3 towards the male parent,accounting for 81.25%and 18.75%of the partial separation markers,respectively.（4）QTL single marker analysisA preliminary QTL positioning was conducted using single marker analysis to identify the main agronomic and quality traits of the F.tatari-cymosum F₂ population.The results showed that a total of 41 markers were associated with the main agronomic and quality traits of the F.tatari-cymosum F₂ population,and 36 markers were significantly correlated with two or more traits.