| Peanut is the fourth largest oil crop which is widely grown in the world.Peanut germplasm resources are the important material basis for the breeding of new peanut varieties and related theoretical research.The identification,analysis and evaluation of peanut germplasm resources are important contents of the research on peanut breeding and the discovery,innovation and utilization of excellent peanut germplasm resources are the continuous guarantee for the cultivation of new peanut varieties.In this study,the main agronomic and quality traits of 35 peanut germplasm resources were analyzed by parameter statistics,variance analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis in three experimental sites for two years,in order to identify the differences of traits among different peanut types and provide reference for the utilization of peanut germplasm resources.Meanwhile,combining with the development and demand of regional market,the utilization value of peanut germplasm was expanded,and the timeliness of utilization of peanut germplasm resources with excellent characteristics was improved.The results of this study are as follows:1.The peanut germplasm resources used in this study were rich in variation types.The variation coefficients of 15 agronomic and quality traits of 35 peanut germplasm resources in three experimental sites for two years varied greatly,which were from 4.14% to 176.73%.The smallest variation coefficient was the shelling percentage(4.14%)and the largest was the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid(176.73%).The traits with the coefficient of variation of more than 25% were the pod yield per plant,the pod number per plant,the linoleic acid content,the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid and the stearic acid content.The main parameter distribution of 7 quality traits showed that the average oil content was 51.82%,and the range was 44.35%-57.26%;the average protein content was 25.97%,and the range was 22.55%-31.12%;the average oleic acid content was 53.25%,and the range was 36.94%-79.51%;the average linoleic acid content was 26.30%,and the range was2.45%-39.86%;the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid was 3.61 and the range was 0.93-32.45;the average stearic acid content was 3.43%,and the range was 1.36%-6.15%;and the average palmitic acid content was 11.44%,and the range was 3.96%-15.93%.2.The results of variance analysis of test materials show that with the height of main stem,the length of the first branch,the 100-pod weight,the 100-seed weight,the shelling percentage,the pod yield per plant,the pod number per plant,the oil content,the protein content,the oleic acid content,the stearic acid content,the palmitic acid content and the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid,the variance analysis results of the 13 phenotypic traits had all reached extremely and significantly level between years,varieties,locations,years and varieties,years and locations,varieties and locations,and years and varieties and locations.Except for the significant interaction of the locations and the year and location,the other interactions of the number of branches with pods,reached extremely and significantly level.The linoleic acid content had reached extremely and significantly level except for the nonsignificant difference between years and significantly level between locations.Through multiple comparisons,some excellent germplasm resources with quality traits significantly higher than other materials were selected,including three peanut germplasm which are Wan hua No.10,Yuan za 9102 and Zhong hua 16,with the oil content higher than56%.Three germplasm resources were screened with protein content higher than 31%,including Fu peanut,Yu hua No.8 and Tai shan zhen zhu bean.Two germplasm resources,Zhong hua 215 and Zhong hua 224,were screened out with oleic acid content higher than79%.A germplasm Yu hua 9326 with high linoleic acid content(linoleic acid =39.86%)was screened out.These excellent materials can be used in future peanut breeding.3.The material group tested was very representative.The study on the distribution of phenotypic traits of the tested peanut germplasm showed that the peanut types and plant types were abundant,and the leaf shape and leaf color were different.The tested peanut types were divided into four types,which were named common type,pearl bean type,multi-seed type and dragon type.The common type was the main type,followed by the pearl bean type.Peanut germplasms were divided into four plant types: upright,creeping,semi-upright and semi-creeping,with upright and creeping as main ones.The leaf shape of peanuts was divided into 3 types with oblong,oval,and small oblong,which was mainly oblong.Peanut leaf colors were divided into four types: yellow-green,green,dark green and ink green.The shape of peanut pods was divided into 5 types,mainly common shape,followed by cocoon shape.There are five kinds of seed coat colors,with pink and light red as the main ones.4.The genetic diversity of field agronomic traits can effectively reflect the genetic characteristics of varieties under natural environmental conditions.The yield traits of peanut germplasm were not affected by a single factor,but the result of the comprehensive influence and action of multiple factors.Except for the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid(O/L)which was skewed to the left,the oil content,the protein content,the oleic acid content,the linoleic acid content,the stearic acid content and the palmitic acid content in peanut quality traits were generally normal distribution.5.The results of correlation research of 15 traits of tested peanut germplasm: The height of main stem and the length of the first branch;the 100-pod weight and the 100-seed weight,the pod yield per plant;the 100-seed weight and the pod yield per plant;the pod number per plant and the pod yield per plant had all reached extremely and significantly positive correlation.The height of main stem and the 100-seed weight,the shelling percentage;the length of the first branch and the 100-seed weight,the shelling percentage had all reached extremely and significantly negative correlation.The 100-seed weight and the shelling percentage;the shelling percentage and the pod yield per plant had all reached significantly positive correlation.The height of main stem and the pod yield per plant;the length of the first branch and the 100-pod weight,the pod yield per plant had all reached significantly negative correlation.Among the 7 quality traits of the test materials,the oil content and the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid(O/L);the linoleic acid content and the palmitic acid content;the palmitic acid content and the stearic acid content had all reached extremely and significantly positive correlation.The oil content and the protein content;the oleic acid content and the linoleic acid content,the palmitic acid content;the linoleic acid content and the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid(O/L);the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid(O/L)and the palmitic acid content had all reached extremely and significantly negative correlation.The ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid(O/L)and the stearic acid content had reached significantly negative correlation.6.Using the Euclidean longest distance method,cluster analysis of 15 traits of tested peanuts was carried out.Among them,quality traits can be divided into three categories.The first type was the type with low oleic acid content and palmitic acid content,but high oil content,linoleic acid content and ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid(O/L).The second type was the type with low protein content,ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid(O/L)and stearic acid content,but high palmitic acid content.The third type was the type with low oil content and linoleic acid content,but high protein content,oleic acid content and stearic acid content. |
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