The Impact On Yield And Quality Of Tobacco Leaves In Different Tobacco Producing Area In Hunan By Enrichment The Medium And Trace Element

Jiangyong、Longshan、Sangzhi are important tobacco planting bases in the province and even the whole country,which are respectively in southern hunan province and northwest,they have large area of flue-cured tobacco planting.In order to optimize the special fertilizer formula and fertilization scheme for tobacco in the three places of Jiangyong、Longshan、Sangzhi,coordination and balance the nutrition of tobacco plant,improve the comprehensive benefits of fertilization、the resistance to maturity of tobacco、the availability of tobacco leaves.This paper respectively proven the trace elements that can not meet the quality production of tobacco based on the analysis of the contents of trace elements in tobacco growing soils and tobacco leaves in these three areas,then propose the fertilization scheme that enrich the medium、micro fertilizer in different regions,and through field experiment,study on the effect of enriching medium and micro fertilizer on the growth and development、the main chemical composition and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in each region.The results are as follows:1.The contents of medium and trace elements in tobacco planting soils of Jiangyong County is more abundant,and the county’s average content of effective B、exchangeable Mg²⁺、exchangeable Ca²⁺are low,their average value are respectively only 0.10mg/kg、0.63cmol/kg and 7.68cmol/kg,the average content of effective Mo is suitable,but there are29.54%of the soil samples,their content of effective Mo is too low.The content of B、Mg、Mo、Ca in tobacco leaves produced by Jiangyong is also not high,and are all lower than the standard range values of high-quality tobacco.Enriching the fertilizer of B、Mg、Ca、Mo in Jiangyong’s tobacco growing areas,the results show:After application,the growth potential of tobacco plants and the content coordination of medium、trace elements in tobacco leaves are increased,the yield、output value、average price、proportion of medium and superior tobacco in treatment B2Mg2Ca3Mo1 are respectively 2321.25 kg/hm²、65018.21 yuan/hm²、28.01 yuan/kg、94.5%,they are better than other treatment groups.The chemical availability of tobacco is best to together the upper leaves and middle leaves of treat B1Mg2Ca2Mo2 and B3Mg1Ca3Mo2.Comprehensive analysis,its concentration ratio of enriching B、Mg、Ca、Mo in Jiangyong is borax 7.5kg/hm²、magnesium sulfate 45kg/hm²、lime 480kg/hm²、high molybdenum 90g/hm²（the content of Mo is 10%）.2.the county’s average content of effective Mo、exchangeable Mg²⁺and exchangeable Ca²⁺in tobacco growing soils in Longshan are lower,they are only 0.14mg/kg、0.92cmol/kg、4.68cmol/kg respectithvely,the content of effective Zn is not lacking compared with the mean value,but there are 22.73%of the soil samples,their content of Zn are too low.The contents of Zn、Mo and Mg in the upper tobacco leaves of Longshan are respectively 26.41mg/kg、1.78 mg/kg and 0.23%,they are lower than the standard of high quality tobacco,and the contents of Zn、Mo、Mg and Ca in the middle tobacco leaves of Longshan are not up to the standard of high quality tobacco leaves.Enriching the fertilizer of Zn、Mg、Ca、Mo in Longshan’s tobacco growing areas,the results show that it’s good to the growth potential、physical characteristics of tobacco plants and the content coordination of medium、trace elements in tobacco leaves;The yield、output value、average price、proportion of medium and superior tobacco in treatment Zn3Mg3Ca2Mo1 are respectively 1913.25kg/hm2、53639.85 yuan/hm2、28 yuan/kg、91.6%,they are better than other treatment groups;The highest availability index of tobacco leaves in the upper and middle parts of tobacco plants in treatment Zn2Mg1Ca2Mo3 are respectively 0.78 and 0.71,therefore,during the period of field growth in Longshan tobacco planting area,its concentration ratio of enriching Zn、Mg、Ca、Mo in Longshan is zinc sulfate30kg/hm²、magnesium sulphate 60kg/hm²、lime 1080kg/hm²、the high molybdenum180g/hm²（the content of Mo is 10%）.3.The average content of available B and exchangeable Mg²⁺in tobacco growing soils in Sangzhi are lower,some soil samples which take big part in total soil samples are lacking in them.The average content of available Cu and Zn are suitable,but some soil samples are lacking in them,and the proportion of these samples in the total samples is very high,they are54%and 50%,respectively.The contents of B,Zn and Mg in tobacco leaves in Sangzhi are not high,all do not reach the standard of high quality tobacco.Enriching the fertilizer of B、Mg、Cu、Zn in Sangzhi’s tobacco growing areas,the results show:after application,the growth potential of tobacco plants and the content coordination of medium、trace elements in tobacco leaves are improved,the output value、average price、proportion of medium and superior tobacco in treatment B3Mg1Cu3Zn2 are61468.8yuan/hm²、28.38yuan/kg、91.21%,respectively.they are better than other treatment groups;The highest availability index of tobacco leaves in the upper and middle parts of tobacco plants in treatment B2Mg3Cu1Zn2 are respectively 0.75 and 0.93.Comprehensive analysis and comparison,the best performance in growth、yield and quality of tobacco is treatment,its concentration ratio of enriching B、Mg、Cu、Zn in Sangzhi is borax 15kg/hm²、magnesium sulfate 60kg/hm²、copper sulfate 7.5 kg/hm²、zinc sulfate7.5 kg/hm².