| A turf traffic simulator was developed in this study based on different pressures caused by football players in different playing states.The field traffic experiment of 20 turfgrass materials from Cynodon,Paspalum,Zoysia and Eremochloa was carried out using the simulator.The intensity of traffic on turfgrasses materials were applied with the simulator at six passes back and forth for one time and twice a week.The apparent quality,biomass,physiological index and anatomical structure of 20 turfgrass materials under traffic stress were measured during the experiment.Then the impact of traffic on the growth of the turfgrasses was analyzed while the traffic tolerance of the turfgrasses was compared and comprehensively evaluated.The results of the study were as follows:(1)The turf traffic simulator was developed with a diameter of 21 cm,a length of 100 cm,and a roller weight of 80 kg.Fourteen steel plates were designed and installed on the surface of the roller according to the proportion of athletes’ different playing states.Among plates there were 17 studs on each seven steel plates,6 studs on each six steel plates and 3 studs on one plate.During the rolling of traffic simulator,when one row of studs touched the ground 3,6 and 17 studs produced 14.4,7.28 and 2.29 MPa pressure respectively on the ground.When double rows of studs touched the ground,a total of 20 and 23 studs touched the ground,producing 2.04 and 1.77 MPa pressure respectively on the ground.Therefore the turf traffic simulator can produce real traffic effect of athletes on the turfs.(2)The newly developed turf traffic stimulator was used to carry out the turfgrass traffic test.A turfgrass with the strongest traffic tolerance and another turfgrass with weakest traffic tolerance were selected from each genus by observing the apparent quality and biomass of 20 turfgrass materials.A total of 8 turfgrasses were selected from the 4 genus to measure their physiological indicators and made paraffin sections.The results showed that C.dactylon × C.transvaalensis cv.Tifgreen,Paspalum vaginatum cv.SeaIsle,Zoysia japonica cv.Lanyin No.3 and E.ophiuroides cv.Huanan were better than other turfgrasses of the same genus.Cynodon dactylon sp.,Pasplum vaginatum cv.Salam,Zoysia japonica cv.Qingdao and E.ophiuroide cv.Sanshui were the worst among the same genus.Based on comprehensive comparison of the 8 turfgrasses in terms of apparent quality,biomass,physiological index and anatomical structure,the order of traffic tolerance of the 8 turfgrasses were as follows: Zoysia japonica cv.Lanyin No.3>E.ophiuroides cv.Huanan>E.ophiuroide cv.Sanshui>Paspalum vaginatum cv.SeaIsle>C.dactylon × C.transvaalensis cv.Tifgreen>Zoysia japonica cv.Qingdao>Psaplum vaginatum cv.Salam>Cynodon dactylon sp.(3)The principal component analysis method was used to analyze the effects o f seven indicators such as coverage,density,color,aboveground biomass,underground biomass,leaf cellulose,and leaf lignin content on traffic tolerance.The weight coefficients were 0.23,-0.08,0.25,0.21,0.15,0.10,0.14 respectively.The total weight coefficient of the four indicators,including color,coverage,aboveground biomass,and underground biomass was 0.84,indicating that these four indicators can be used to evaluate turfgrass traffic tolerance. |
