| As a special cultural phenomenon in human society,traditional dwellings contain the concept of building suitable for the natural environment and blending with various cultures.Today,with the deepening of globalization,human beings are facing a serious resource and environmental crisis and the decline of regional culture.It is an urgent need for cultural inheritance and urban-rural construction to study the geographical problems of traditional dwellings,reveal their diversity and regional characteristics,and protect and inherit traditional dwellings as a regional cultural carrier according to local conditions.Based on geography and combining multiple disciplines such as architecture,this article takes traditional dwellings in Gansu Province as the research object,starting from the plane shape of courtyard space and construction monomer.Through documentation and field investigations,quantitative methods such as spatial analysis and geostatistical models in geography,spatial syntactic models in architecture,and mathematical analysis in statistics are used,together with qualitative methods such as comparative analysis and summary.This article explores the regional differentiation characteristics of traditional dwellings,and the influence mechanism and cultural connotation behind.This article aims to guide the protection and repair of ancient dwellings and the design of new residential houses in the region,provide new ideas for urban and rural planning and construction,and inspire regional cultural heritage and sustainable development.Based on the above,this article mainly draws the following conclusions:Firstly,the categories of traditional dwellings in Gansu province show the characteristics of regional differentiation.The traditional dwellings in Hexi corridor are mainly fortress,Zhuangke,traditional courtyard and felt tent buildings.The traditional courtyard,cave,and fortress are the main types of residences in the central Gansu where Lanzhou,Baiyin,and Dingxi are located.In Linxia,traditional courtyard and Zhuangke are the most common.The most typical dwellings in Gannan Tibetan area are special Tibetan blockhouse,felt tent and Tibetan couch house.Longnan is the area with the most itaya in Gansu Province,followed by some Qiang and Tibetan blockhouses and traditional courtyard houses.There are a large number of traditional courtyard buildings in Tianshui,so the most important type of local dwellings is the traditional courtyard.Pingliang and Qingyang are the largest cave gathering areas in Gansu Province,and there are still some Courtyard house.Secondly,the layout of traditional residential courtyard space in different regions of Gansu province contains different regional cultural connotations.Using the space syntax model,this study analysis the plane structure characteristics and the different interpretations of regional culture of 5 typical traditional residential courtyards in Gansu,such as Ruian Fort in Wuwei Minqin,Luo Mansion in Lanzhou Yuzhong,East Mansion in Linxia,South Mansion of the Hu’s Residence in Tianshui,Li Cave Courtyard in Qingyang.The traditional residential courtyards in the Hexi corridor represented by Ruian Fort pay attention to safety and prevention,follow the practical first,and have the concept of blood lineage clan based on ancestral temples;Taking the Luo Mansion and South Mansion as the representative,the traditional residential courtyard in central and southeastern Gansu places the most importance on the living system of patriarchal clan ethics.The residents have the introspective and mean living character,and they also pursue the aesthetics of different scenery.The residential courtyards in Hehuang valley islamic cultural area,represented by East Mansion,follow the concept of ethnic integration and create a flexible and vivid courtyard landscape.Taking Li Cave Courtyard as the representative,the cave dwellings in the loess plateau area of the eastern Gansu are the most typical products in the pursuit of architectural practicability.Thirdly,the plane shape,plane orientation and plane scale of traditional dwellings construction monomer in Gansu province all show the characteristics of regional differentiation.(1)The common civil stone structure residential buildings in Gansu province have various plane shapes。The "tiger block head" style appears in Tianshui,Linxia and other hui folk dwellings in the main house.Houses with corridors are more common in Lanzhou,Tianshui,Zhangye and other areas with large amounts of economic and cultural resources in the past.The "key head" type houses are mostly used in the turret wing of the courtyard of Linxia residential buildings.Overhanging eaves is the flat shape of traditional residential buildings in most areas of Gansu province.In the center and east of Gansu,the plane shape of cave dwellings with earroom house are like "「","丁","十" and so on,the plane shape without ear-room have "一" glyph and "凸" glyph,different areas use different plane shape.(2)The orientation of traditional dwellings in Gansu province is affected by a variety of factors.Houses in different regions choose the orientation under different dominant factors.Sunlight and ventilation are generally the primary considerations.In order to pursue an ideal landscape pattern,the traditional dwellings in the valley and mountainous area mostly choose the architectural orientation of "carrying the crown mountain and surrounding the face with water".In some commercial towns or villages engaged in handicraft industry and commercial trade in the past,in order to meet the commercial function,more residential buildings were built on the street,in front of the street and combining houses and shops.In areas where economic and cultural prosperity in the past,such as Lanzhou,Tianshui,and Zhangye,the bureaucrats and rich merchants ’houses focused on the concept of feng shui,and were keen to bear the yin and embrace the sun,sit north and face south to achieve a dwelling philosophy of avoiding evil and highlighting family life above the natural demand.Some Hui people’s residences in Linxia are opened to the east due to religious customs and west.(3)The single plane scale of traditional dwellings in Gansu Province spatially forms a large step-small circle layer geographical distribution structure.It is embodied in the three stages of change in Hexicenter-east.The houses are in turn from inwardly closed to spacious and open to inwardly closed.The three small-scale circle structures are as follows: centered in Wuwei Liangzhou with a wide house face and a deep depth,Huining County with a small house face width and a deep house as the local center,and centered on Longnan with a large house face and a deep house Circle structure.Where the building area of the house from the largest to the smallest is in south,middle,and east.(4)The basic reasons for the regional differentiation of the monomer plane shape of traditional dwellings in Gansu Province mainly include the impact of natural,human factors and building science and technology.Natural elements include climatic conditions,geological features,and building materials.Human factors include local Economic and social development,social ethics,and national religious beliefs.Finally,according to the regional differentiation characteristics of traditional dwellings in Gansu province,this paper proposes the cultural protection and inheritance strategies of traditional folk houses from four aspects: protection and repair of existing traditional dwellings,inheritance and regeneration of regional new folk houses,support of relevant planning and policies,and exploration of local context. |
