Effect Evaluation Of Residents Ladder Electricity Price Policy In China

With the rapid development of China's economy,problems such as energy shortages and increased environmental pressures have begun to emerge.At the same time,coal prices have remained at a high level,and environmental protection costs have also increased.The electricity industry which related to it closely is in an extremely important position in China's energy economy.However,even if the price of electricity continues to rise,the price of electricity for residents has been at a low level.Regardless of the adjustment rate or the frequency of adjustment,It's also lower than industry and commerce users,agricultural users,etc.In the long run,this is not conducive to promoting residents' awareness of power saving,and it is also not conducive to building a resource-saving society.Therefore,in line with the policy objectives of saving energy,increasing cost compensation and alleviating cross-subsidy,China has proposed a residential electricity price policy for residential electricity,and requested that it be fully implemented on July 1,2012 in 29 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions across the country.Because of the unique design form of the mechanism,it can balance the efficiency and fairness to a certain extent.Therefore,before the implementation of the residential ladder price mechanism in China,the stepped price pricing mechanism has been adopted by many developing countries and developed countries.At present,academics still have controversy about the scientificity and effectiveness of the ladder price mechanism,and the theoretical research system hasn't been formed systematically yet.China's implementation of the ladder price policy is much later than other countries,and it is still being explored.Therefore,while learning from the successful experience of the implementation of the ladder price policy from other countries,according to the basic national conditions of China's economic development,energy utilization,actual operation of power companies,etc.,it is very valuable for academic research to study the implementation effect of the residential ladder price policy and propose corresponding optimization suggestions.This paper firstly based on the related concepts and characteristics of the ladder price and a brief overview of the policy objectives of China's implementation of the residential ladder electricity price policy,then compares the implementation status of the foreign ladder price policy to find out the current situation and problems in China.Then,according to the economic theory of Ramsey pricing,ladder price theory and demand price elasticity theory,the economic evaluation of the ladder price policy is carried out.Based on the theoretical analysis,the internal logic of evaluating the implementation effect of the ladder price policy is sorted out.,that is,the mechanism of action,and at the same time propose the evaluation tools that need to be applied later.Under the premise of completing the theoretical analysis of the ladder price policy,this paper evaluates the implementation effect of the residential electricity price policy in China from three aspects: resource saving effect,cost compensation effect and cross subsidy effect.This paper firstly constructs a double logarithmic model to estimate the price elasticity and income elasticity of residential electricity demand,and to measure the influence of the main dependent variable price and per capita disposable income on the electricity consumption of residents,.And based on this,add the policy dummy variable into this model,from nation level and region level,to evaluate the resource saving effects before and after the implementation of the ladder tariff policy.Then,by introducing the phenomenon of price cost inversion in China's power industry,and using the method of cost compensation rate,the power supply price and cost situation before and after the implementation of the ladder electricity price policy are measured,and the income cost analysis of China's power supply enterprises is carried out.Based on the comparative analysis of China's residential electricity price and industrial and commercial electricity price level,the price difference method is used to measure the cross-subsidy scale of China's industrial and commercial electricity prices to residents and the changes brought about by the implementation of the ladder price policy.The empirical results show that compared with the single pricing mechanism,China's residential ladder price policy has achieved a certain degree of effect in promoting resource conservation,improving cost compensation,and alleviating cross-subsidy,but the implementation effect is very limited.Finally,combined with the current situation analysis,mechanism analysis and empirical analysis,the paper summarizes the implementation effect of China's ladder price policy,and puts forward corresponding problems based on the outstanding problems existing in China's current policy,combined with China's economic development level and energy development status.Countermeasure suggestion: Adjust the number of divisions according to local conditions,optimize the price increase of the ladder price,improve the residents' awareness of the ladder price policy,and improve relevant supporting measures.The innovations that may exist in this paper are mainly reflected in the following two aspects:(1)Based on the assessment of the implementation effect of China's residential ladder price policy from the national level and the regional level,that is,the comparison between the three regions of East,West and West.The reasons for the differences between regions are formed,and the effect of the implementation of the ladder price policy for residents in China is more comprehensively analyzed and what aspects should be used to improve the pricing mechanism of the ladder price.(2)Evaluate the effectiveness of the residential ladder price policy from the three dimensions of resource saving effect,cost compensation effect and cross subsidy effect.According to the multiple policy objectives of China's electricity pricing mechanism,the effectiveness of the policy is evaluated from a multidimensional perspective and it can promote energy conservation and social equity more effectively.