A Research On Polychrome Paintings Of Duanmen In The Imperial City,Beijing

Duanmen was one of the main gates in the Beijing imperial city during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and also the material carrier of feudal imperial power.As a decorative means with the functions of wooden structure protection and environmental beautification,the polychrome paintings of Duanmen record the transformation process of the mainstream culture in Ming and Qing Dynasties,with its unique characteristics.Therefore,it is of great significance to deeply analyze the art and cultural elements of Duanmen's polychrome paintings,so as to explore the history and cultural trace of Duanmen.First of all,the author studies the meaning and origin of the regulation in "Three courts and five gates" architectural planning through the ancient books.And sorted out the system implementation and evolution process of each dynasty since the Zhou and Han.Then summarize the etiquette attribute of the traditional palace gate.Based on the layout of the Beijing Imperial City,Identify the status of Duanmen from the sequence of the "five gates",to clarify the spiritual and material functions of the building.Secondly,based on the field survey results of Duanmen polychrome paintings,consider with the existing research of official polychrome paintings in Ming and Qing Dynasties,analyze the hierarchic differences in polychrome paintings as the continuation of the architectural etiquette system.It is found that there was a special pattern of pearl and auspicious grass drawing on the inner eaves of Duanmen.Because it has the similar structure of the tangent circle pattern,and there is no conclusion about the cause of this special type of the existing results.Therefore,the author takes this as the breaking point of the research,and uses analogy,induction and other research methods,compared with the existing examples of pearl and auspicious grass polychrome painting in Shenyang Palace Museum,Zhaoling Tomb and Beijing Palace Museum,find out the differences between the patterns of the same type of polychrome painting,and judges the era characteristics of the Duanmen inner polychrome painting,to prove its particularity and scarcity.On this basis,this paper discusses the mutual influence and integration of Manchu and Han Cultures in the early Qing Dynasty.At last,the author analyzes the cultural causes of all kinds of patterns in Duanmen polychrome paintings,based on the facts of social mainstream thoughts and public aesthetic standards in different historical periods,to sort out the cultural origin and fusion evolution process of the pearl and auspicious grass patterns,reflecting the influence of regional,ethnic,religious and other multi-cultural factors on polychrome painting patterns.On this basis,demonstrate the cultural connotation and artistic value of Duanmen polychrome paintings,so as to objectively and scientifically interpreting the historical and cultural connotation of Duanmen architecture,and provide a theoretical basis for the preservation and renovation of Duanmen polychrome paintings in the future.