A Research On Polychrome Paintings Of Taihemen Gate In Forbidden City,Beijing

As an important node on the central axis of the Forbidden City,Taihemen gate was the main gate of the outer court only for the emperor's use in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Taihemen gate polychrome paintings is widely distributed on the wood components of the interior and exterior eaves of the building,which has multiple functions such as protecting the wood structure,displaying the level,decorating and beautifying,praying and auspicious,and carrying rich historical and cultural information.Therefore,the research on the form and content of Taihemen gate architectural polychrome paintings,based on the architectural function,analyzes its polychrome paintings type system,and then explores the hierarchical relationship of Taihemen gate interior and exterior eaves polychrome paintings,which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent protection and restoration of Taihemen gate architectural polychrome paintings.The author studies the system of "Three Dynasties and five gates" in ancient books,combs out the changing process of the position and name of "Three Dynasties" and "five gates" in different dynasties,and discusses the concept of hierarchy of honor and inferiority contained in this system and its influence on the Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties.By comparing the "Three Dynasties and five gates" system with the layout of the Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties,we can identify the corresponding position of Taihemen gate in the "five gates",so as to determine its historical position.On the basis of confirming the architectural grade of Taihemen gate,by comparing the grade relations of interior and exterior eaves of various kinds of buildings on the central axis of the Forbidden City,we find the difference of the grade relations of interior and exterior eaves of Taihemen gate.In view of the fact that few people pay attention to the relationship between the type system difference and the grade of the inner and outer eave polychrome paintings of Taihemen gate,which is still a blank state of research.The author takes this as a breakthrough point of research,uses the methods of induction,comparison and analysis,combines the relevant ancient literature,ancient drawing materials,and the research results of experts and scholars in the field of polychrome paintings with field research,and analyzes the causes of the grade difference of the inner and outer eave polychrome paintings of Taihemen gate.Thus,it demonstrates the consistency between the level of architectural polychrome paintings and its architectural function under the influence of the concept of hierarchy of the Confucian etiquette.At the same time,it is found that the inner eaves of Taihemen gate are higher than the outer eaves,which is unique in the central axis of the Forbidden City.According to the stage research results,the author puts forward different views on the level of the existing Taihemen gate inner eaves dragon and the seal polychrome paintings.The author thinks that the level of Taihemen gate inner eaves dragon polychrome paintings is too high,which is not suitable for the architectural function,and supports the above views by the historical pictures of the state of the inner eaves polychrome paintings and the design law of the official building inner and outer eaves polychrome paintings level.The author explores the cultural connotation of Taihemen gate architectural polychrome paintings from the perspective of the concept of ritual hierarchy,the integration of national culture and the influence of religious culture,and discusses the cultural and artistic value of Taihemen gate polychrome paintings.