Study On Modern Church Architecture In Beijing

Since the Han and Tang Dynasties,as a great country,China has established a good relationship with its neighbors.For thousands of years,people have been going out and inviting outsiders.With the western missionaries entering China,they brought a new type of Architecture-Christian church architecture.As the carrier of foreign religious culture,church architecture more truly reflects the different choices and architectural expressions of designers under the guidance of specific material conditions and spiritual ideals.It not only enriches the architectural types of China,but also witnesses the exchange and integration of western architectural culture and Chinese traditional culture.Beijing,as the ancient civilization capital of the world and the capital of China,has always accepted foreign cultures with a tolerant attitude.With the introduction of foreign religions,church architecture also developed in Beijing,which has a special position in the modern architectural history of Beijing.As one of the three major Christian factions,the introduction of Catholicism made the Catholic Church Architecture develop in China.These church buildings not only changed in their own architectural style,but also influenced the modern architecture of Beijing.Due to different historical stages,the Catholic Church presents different architectural forms.Several representative Catholic churches studied in this paper,located in the core area of Beijing,have survived political turbulence,and still stand.Among them,Immaculate Conception Church and St.Saviour Church are listed as national key cultural relics protection units.St.Joseph's Church is listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Beijing.Protestantism is a new sect separated from Catholicism through the religious reform movement in the 16 th century.It came into being with the rise and development of colonialism and capitalism,and then spread to China with aggression and expansion.Beijing Protestantism is formed and developed by different countries and different sects.Protestant churches have experienced more than one hundred years of turbulence.Each church is a historical witness of the integration of Chinese and Western cultures.The Protestant churches studied in this paper have experienced various historical events,and thus reflect the contradictions and conflicts between urban modernization and traditional memory.Among them,St.Saviour's Cathedral of Beijing and the Francis Asbury Church of Beijing are listed as key cultural relics under national protection.The Eastern Orthodox Church,together with Catholicism and Protestantism,is called the three major schools of Christianity.The introduction of Beijing Orthodox Church is different from the other two sects.It is a means of Czar's invasion of China.With the spread of Orthodox Church in Beijing,orthodox church buildings also appeared in the ancient Oriental City of Beijing,promoting the cultural exchange between China and Russia.However,due to various political factors,the development of Orthodox Church in Beijing has not been widely spread like other sects.So far,Orthodox Church has disappeared in Beijing.However,the spread history left by Orthodox Church in Beijing can not be ignored.In this paper,the Catholic Church,Protestant church and Orthodox Church in Beijing are the main writing objects.Through field investigation and literature review,the case study of architecture is placed in the context of Chinese history,and the historical evolution,design concept and construction methods of church construction are discussed.We found that most of the early churches were not purely Western-style buildings,but improved after absorbing Chinese nutrients.In the process of church building's introduction into Beijing,a large number of Chinese elements were put together in form,and Chinese traditional practices were adopted in technology.Finally,the multi-dimensional coexistence of ecological landscape was presented,which was called "adaptive architecture" by some scholars.The study of modern church buildings in Beijing can help us to understand the impact of the collision and integration of modern Chinese and Western cultures on the development of Chinese architecture;secondly,it can provide a detailed information and basis for better protection of modern church buildings in Beijing.