Research On The Spatial Evolution Of St.Petersburg

Urban planning is a science developed from practice.The extensive absorption and reference of different urban planning theories is extremely important for the development and renewal of urban planning theory in China.And studying the spatial evolution of cities in different countries and regions can help to sort out the development of different urban planning theories.St.Petersburg is one of the most important cities in Russia.It is the capital built during the Europeanization of Russia.Therefore,in the process of its construction,in addition to the experience of urban construction in Russia,the urban planning theory of Western Europe also has a very important influence.At the same time,as the largest industrial city in the northwestern region of the Soviet Union,it inevitably has the characteristics of urban construction in the period of socialist planned economy.By studying such a city with complex urban planning theory background,it can enrich China's research on foreign urban planning and construction.Moreover,the experience of urban construction in St.Petersburg is also very beneficial to the diversified development of urban planning theory in China.This paper studies the urban construction process of St.Petersburg from the 8th century to the present.It is based on the internal factors of the city,the external factors of the city and the three entry points that are dominated by the internal and external factors of the city.The paper is mainly divided into four parts.The first part takes the internal factors of the city as the core point,and expounds and analyzes the spontaneous evolution of the urban space in this area before the completion of St.Petersburg.The second part takes the external factors of the city as the core point,supplemented by the theory and planning scheme of St.Petersburg urban planning in different periods and the changes of the relevant laws and regulations and management institutions of urban planning,and expounds and analyzes the process of urban space evolution in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.,to restore the entire process of urban space development.The third part focuses on the internal and external factors of the city and focuses on the evolution of the urban space of St.Petersburg during the Russian Federation.The fourth part summarizes the experience of universality in the process of space evolution in St.Petersburg and can be used as a reference for China's urban construction.Finally,it summarizes the different characteristics of St.Petersburg urban space at different stages dominated by internal and external factors.At the same time,it extracts the most important experience in the evolution of St.Petersburg urban space from the 8th century to the present,as the conclusion of the spatial evolution study of St.Petersburg.Through research,the following conclusions can be drawn:First,the internal and external factors of the city are the main driving force for the evolution of urban space in St.Petersburg.Second,the framework of urban spatial evolution is constructed by urban spatial development period dominated by urban internal factors,urban spatial reconstruction period dominated by urban external factors,and urban spatial improvement period dominated by urban internal and external factors.Third,the urban space at different stages has corresponding characteristics,including the disordered urban space during the period of internal factors,the irregularity of the road,the single-nuclear growth of urban space and the multi-core differentiation during the period of external factors,and the common leading period of internal and external factors.The suburbanization of urban space,the characteristics of spread.Fourth,in the process of urban space evolution in St.Petersburg,there are many useful experiences that are worth learning from,including urban internal factors,which are the basis for urban formation.Urban external factors are important forces for maintaining urban spatial structure.Urban external factors need to be constantly updated and adjusted.Adapting to the ever-changing urban development,the “market system” is a double-edged sword and the city's historical area is a valuable asset of the city.