Study On The Evolution Of Spatial Pattern Under The Influence Of Multiple Factors In The Western Liao River Area

Facing on the drastic changes of the urban spatial pattern,the research on the spatial pattern of urban space,especially the macro level,has attracted the attention of scientists and the public.Which is one of the important part of the study of settlement spatial pattern in prehistoric times,because even the prehistoric settlement spatial distribution is not random,which has the same spatial characteristics is very clear,and these characteristics of human beings and the development of the natural environment,even cultural thoughts are closely related.The research of this topic can play an important role in the research and development of urban spatial pattern.The change of the global climate impact on the ecosystem and environment has attracted wide attention from scientists and the public.It has been shown that Holocene climatic fluctuations had certain impact on the quantity and distribution of the prehistoric settlement and human life mode.The prehistoric man began to learn how to choose the appropriate residence and life mode to adapt to the new climate.It has been more and more popular to study the adaptation of human beings in different climates.By revealing the laws and patterns of human adaptation to the climate in prehistoric times,it can bring some enlightenment to the modern society facing various environmental problems.In this paper,the West Liaohe River Basin is chosen as the research object,which is an important birthplace of Rainfed Agriculture in northern China.With the deepening of archaeological excavations and the accumulation of census work in recent years.The relevant provinces in the area of cultural relics atlas published every year,has demonstrated a sequence and the cultural connotation clear to us.The accuracy of these data may not be enough to study the micro environment of a single settlement,but the rich sample size can reflect the macro settlement of the settlement.At present,most of the work has been carried out by means of traditional environmental archaeology,Quantitative analysis of the spatial patterns of settlements on the macro level rarely be used.Therefore,this paper will be based on thedigitization of cultural relics atlas data,using GIS to analyze the settlement space form.mainly include:Study on the model of gravity differentiation of settlements based on kernel density analysis.Through kernel density analysis results show the variation of the distribution center of gravity in the meridional and latitudinal directions from the perspective of three-dimensional perspective.The elevation statistics were carried out to reflect the change of the settlement in the elevation range.Use rank-size rule to research the regional differentiation of the settlement group.We will get the distribution center,the settlement of the West Liaohe River Basin in the Neolithic Age to the bronze age on the space scale migration and differentiation status and related factors that may influence(including: landform,climate and environment,social culture and production technology),the evolution to the spatial pattern of settlement at the macro level.Finally,In theory,we can draw 4 conclusions:The prehistoric settlements in West Liaohe basin shows the spatial pattern of middle dense edge thinning "in space,the main effects and topographic factors,the research area of central hilly area has become a gathering place for settlement.In the prehistoric period,the distribution center of gravity in the West Liaohe River Basin showed a trend of "moving from north to South" in time.In the premise of the development of social civilization,the prehistoric settlements in West Liaohe River Basin spatial structure more "rules",the formation of a central settlement Settlement Center-general settlement hierarchy,and the grade of differentiation is more obvious.In prehistoric times the West Liaohe River Basin,we found in agricultural technology as the culture in the village spatial pattern presents a distribution pattern of a single center,and more distributed in the low altitude space;and to hunting and gathering and animal husbandry technology for the culture tend to exhibit the distribution pattern of multi center,and can better adapt to high altitude space.In practice,we can draw 2 conclusions:(1)Most of the settlements in the West Liaohe River Basin in prehistoric times were located in the hilly and gully region,and they were distributed along the river.This result provides a basis for the delineation of ancient settlements(2)The spatial structure of the West Liao River settlements show "hierarchy rule center settlements center settlement-general settlement",so that we can find out some faint naive planning consciousness and provide clues for the generation and city issues such as the study of early city.