Research On The Diseases Of Brick Construction Heritage Buildings In The Southeast Coastal Area

As an important part of cultural heritage,Brick-structured cultural relics are rich in China.They carry historical and cultural information for thousands of years and become valuable cultural relics of the nation,the country and even the world.They have high historical,artistic and scientific values.After a long period of development and evolution,together with the different geographical location and climatic conditions,the brick masonry of cultural relics buildings appears different degrees of disease.Under the special geographical location and climate conditions of the Southeast coast,through visiting and investigating the brick cultural relic buildings in the southeast coast of China,the disease of brick cultural relic buildings in this area also presents diversified forms.The southeastern coast is a typical monsoon climate area in China.Its humidity is high and accompanied by frequent gale weather.The complex climate environment poses a great challenge to the survival of brick cultural relics in this area.Based on the comprehensive physical environment affecting cultural relic buildings,this paper constructs a system of relationship between macro-comprehensive physical environment,micro-climate environment and diseases of brick cultural relic buildings.Combining the theoretical system of system science with detailed and efficient field investigation,and combining with data analysis and statistics,this paper explores the disease information,disease characterization and disease mechanism of brick cultural relics.Through a large number of field investigations,it is found that the main diseases of brick cultural relics in southeastern coastal areas are stain and discoloration of wall,cracks in wall and crisp alkali in wall.Based on the statistics of field investigation data,the basic forms and distribution rules of three main diseases are obtained: the discoloration of wall markings is mainly manifested by the retention of water stains and the growth of microorganisms,mainly distributed in the wall at the foot of the wall;the wall cracks are mainly divided into transverse cracks,vertical cracks and oblique cracks,mainly distributed in the wall foot.Upper and lower side walls of elevation windows;wall crisp alkali is mainly divided into light crisp alkali and severe crisp alkali,mainly distributed in the wall at the foot of the wall.And many diseases occur simultaneously in a brick cultural relic building.In order to further explore the disease mechanism of brick buildings along the Southeast coast,the microclimate data of the buildings with obvious diseases in this area were tested.The relative humidity,solar radiation and wind speed of the buildings were collected by using Testo-435-1 multi-function measuring instrument and TRM-SCI handheld meteorological instrument.In-depth comparative analysis of the characteristics of microclimate,namely,relative humidity,solar radiation,wind speed,temperature supplemented by the climate environment,to explore its role in the occurrence of diseases of brick cultural relics.In a word,based on the analysis of the physical environmental pathogenic factors related to the diseases of cultural relics buildings,this paper collects the disease manifestations and meteorological data under the microclimate through field visits to Brick-structured cultural relics buildings in the southeastern coastal areas,deeply analyses the microclimate environment of Brick-structured cultural relics buildings in the southeastern coastal areas,and summarizes the microclimate environment in the southeast.The occurrence mechanism of diseases in brick buildings in coastal areas.It is hoped that it can provide basic support for the protection and restoration of cultural relics and buildings,and strive to achieve more effective and reasonable strategies for the protection of cultural relics and buildings.