Study On The Diseases Of Chinese Cultural Relic Buildings In The Southeast Coastal Area

Heritage architecture is an important carrier of historical information,all levels of society are giving more and more attention to the protection of heritage architecture.With the reduction of man-made destruction,reducing the damage of the natural environment to heritage architecture has become increasingly important.In the investigation of cultural relic buildings,it is found that the disease phenomenon caused by the natural environment is extremely serious,nearly 90% of the cultural relic buildings have different degrees of disease,the disease phenomenon is prominent,the distribution is very wide.The damp environment is an important physical environment factor which causes the disease of the cultural relic buildings.After analyzing and coupling the main environmental factors and auxiliary environmental factors,the most typical region for the survival of cultural heritage buildings: southeast coastal areas.This article takes the national key cultural relic protection unit as the research object,carries on the research to the southeast coast cultural relic building disease performance rule under the moist environment.In order to study the law of disease expression of cultural relic buildings in the southeast coast under humid environment,this paper adopts the methods of systematic sampling and random sampling to carry out field investigation on 84 cultural relic buildings in 13 regions,and to sort out and analyze the present situation of the buildings.Understand the main types and characteristics of the disease.At the same time,Testo-435-1 multi-function measuring instrument and TRM-SCI hand-held meteorological instrument are used to measure the microenvironment of the diseased cultural relic buildings with the method of moving test,and the relative humidity is the main measure.Combined with the changes of radiation,temperature and wind speed,the characteristics of microenvironment are analyzed in order to provide the basis for the subsequent study of the distribution and performance of building diseases.The microenvironment of cultural relic buildings in the southeast coastal area is poor,and the disease information of 65 typical 543 cultural relic buildings is analyzed.According to the process of disease occurrence,the disease can be divided into surface diseases.There are three kinds of diseases,such as deep diseases,such as crack and crisp alkali,and diseases of building function loss,such as decayed insects,fracture tilting,etc.When the surface is infiltrated,stain changes,surface alkalinity and surface cracks will occur.After the failure of the protective effect of the surface layer,cracks begin to appear in the components,and the alkali-flooding of the surface layer will cause the crisp alkali of the material.The cracks of wood mainly include scattered cracks and concentrated cracks;the crack forms of masonry components are divided into transverse cracks,longitudinal cracks and oblique cracks,longitudinal cracks are the most,and the most prone parts of cracks are the upper and lower eaves of the front window and the foot wall foundation.Corner,foot of the wall and the base of the pedestal are the most susceptible to the production of brucine.If no reasonable protection is given to the cultural relic buildings,the cultural relic buildings will produce diseases that affect the function of use,that is,the phenomenon of decayed insects and the phenomenon of rupture tilting.The incidence of wood decay in columns,beams,walls,eaves and decorative places under eaves is very high.Under the influence of micro-environment,the most serious decaying is in the boundary areas,such as column base,beam end,and the junction of wall surface and ground.The fracture and tilting of the components are relatively few,and most of them occur on the non-main components.Through the carding of this paper,based on the analysis of the wet environment related to building diseases,and through field research,collected disease performance and related data of the humid environment,analyzed the microenvironment of cultural relics buildings in the southeast coast.This paper summarizes the performance of the diseases of cultural relic buildings in the southeast coast under the humid environment.It is hoped to strengthen the scientific nature of the protection and restoration of cultural relic buildings,so as to protect the precious cultural relic buildings of our country more comprehensively and effectively.