Research On The Humid Diseases Of Timber Relic Buildings In The Southeast Coastal Area

Comparing with the "stone poem" in the Western architecture history,choosing wood may be a pattern of writing,choosing flexibility and changing to illustrate eternity,and choosing life.Timber building is a unique architectural form established in a long history in China,forming the East Asian architectural culture circle.Wood is susceptible to the influence of natural conditions,and the wooden cultural relic buildings show different degrees of disease invasion.The Southeast Coastal Area is a typical area of monsoon climate in China,with high humidity,abundant sunshine and frequent gale weather.The climate environment is very complex,which makes the cultural relic buildings suffer severe challenges for survival.Starting from the physical environment factors affecting the survival of cultural relic buildings,this paper constructs the relationship between physical environment and diseases from macro,meso and micro levels,and establishes a clear logical line for the collection of disease information in the early stage,the regularity of disease in the middle stage and the mechanism of disease occurrence in the late stage,so as to have a systematic,scientific and distinct theoretical framework,and conduct a rational,efficient and detailed survey.Through investigation,the information,characterization and mechanism of damp diseases in wooden cultural relic buildings are explored,and the quantitative design of the disease system is realized by combining data statistics and classification.Firstly,the living environment and existing conditions of wooden cultural relics in Southeast Coastal Areas are sorted out,and 314 wooden cultural relics in ten representative cities are surveyed to form an overall understanding of the types and manifestations of the cultural relic diseases.According to the summary of the disease information,it is found that under the humid coupling environment,the main diseases of wooden cultural relics are alkali crisp and scar discoloration,chapped and cracked.With the basic forms of surface layer shedding,cracking and decay peeling,and in order to grasp the characteristics of disease more comprehensively,the wood structure is decomposed into six main parts: eaves,forehead lobes,girder frames,pillars,doors and windows,and non-main components.The distribution and expression degree of various diseases in differen t parts are analyzed,so as to establish forms,parts and categories.Finally,by means of mobile testing,the microclimate data of cultural relic buildings are collected.At the same time,the climatic data of the standard day and the test day are counted,and the climatic data charts are generated,which are compared with the manifestation and regularity of architectural diseases,so as to obtain the architectural diseases.The relationship between the diseases and meteorological factors can be used to explore the mechanism of the damp diseases.Based on the above results,it can be found that the occurrence of damp diseases in wooden cultural relics buildings is a time-series and cyclical process.With the gradual infiltration of "water environment",the disease development is deepening.With the wet environment as the main pathogenic factor and the catalysis of wind speed,solar radiation and temperature,the phenomena of alkali crisp,surface cracking and shedding,and scar discoloration appear on the surface.With the time passing,building diseases gradually penetrate into the interior structure,and wood components crack,peel off,and discoloration and biological erosion occur,eventually leads to the breakage and decay of wood structure,makes the building at the edge of overturning,and causes the gradual loss of building function.In summary,this paper starts with the climate and material characteristics of wooden cultural relics in the southeast coastal areas,through field research and environmental data monitoring,analyzes the disease performance law and the characteristics of meteorological factors,and thus obtains the occurrence mechanism of damp diseases.From the perspective of architectural diseases,it is of great significance to carry out preventive protection of wooden cultural relics for the development and deepening of the cultural relic protection in China.