Study On Architectural Ornaments Of Traditional Architecture In Canton

As an important part of the historical and cultural heritage in Canton,the ornaments reflect the wisdom and aesthetic consciousness of traditional craftsman.Some of the previous studies focused on architecture,explaining the symbolic expression of decorative images and enhancing the expression of architectural meaning;some of them focused on arts and crafts,introducing craftsmanship and patterns,and overlooked the architectural space and construction.As a microscopic pattern,the ornament is marginal in the study of traditional architecture.Compared with the western ornament which is based on classical architectural legs and leaf decorations,has a major impact on European architectural decoration,the ornaments of traditional architecture in Canton also have an important and far-reaching influence on the traditional architectural decoration in Canton.The research work mainly focused on the ornaments of traditional architecture in Canton.The research area is mainly in the Pearl River Delta,the core area of Cantoness culture,from Ming Dynasties to the Republic of China.Since many traditional buildings have been renovated,most of the previous decorative components have been replaced,so the era of many ornaments belongs to Qing Dynasty.Although the discussion boundary between ornament and decoration is ambiguous,the boundary can be appropriately extended to decorative forms,patterns and artistic paintings,so as to grasp the position and role of the ornament in the entire architectural decoration system.The decorative parts of traditional architecture in Canton can be divided into abutments,roofs,frames,walls,wooden decoration and murals,some representative members or components are selected as discussion objects,and the distribution and application of ornament in them are studied.The main part of the platform is dominated by stone carvings,including pedestals,pillar bases,rolling pier stones and door mortars.As an example,the girders made of red sandstone or rough rock are mostly from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty,and their decorative surfaces are often engraved with Lobed openings and bamboo columns.This kind of Lobed openings is also appeared in door bolsters and railings was a ornament popular in the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty.The roof part is mainly decorated with bright colors and vivid shapes.The lime sculpture ridge,ceramic ridge,cardiac wind belt and gable top are discussed.For example,the relationship between ornament and its name of "Bogu Ridge" has been discussed.The frame is mainly made of wood and stone,including the five types of beams,eaves shelves,carved beams and tiaotou that are common in Canton.The early stone structure appeared as a substitute for wood structure,and imitated the wood structure,and then gradually turned to express its own characteristics.The eaves shelf has gone through the process of changing from wooden beams and wooden camel pier corbel bracket to stone beams and stone camel pier corbel bracket,to stone beams and stone golden flower camel pier,to stone beams and stone golden flower lion pier.The wall includes brick carving,lime sculpture,ceramic,stone carving and other decorative components,and the chitou,window grilles,door lintel,window lintel,door frame couplet,door plaque of qingyun Lane,menguan and tianguan were selected to discuss.Because the brick carving has a single color,the craftsman achieves a good decorative effect by organizing rich gradation and fine carving.In the wooden decoration part,the eaves panel,the door choke,the top decoration of the foot door,the partition window,the oyster shell window,the Manchuria window and the hanging fascia are selected to discuss.The overall display of the living and secular decoration atmosphere gives people transparency,fine psychological perception.The mural part discusses decorative theme in the center of the picture,ornament on the edges of the screen,mural on the flap,the mural of the dwelling house,and the mural in smallpox.Due to the few people interested in mural paintings in residential houses,it discusses its common themes and the decoration relationship with Chitou.The above research work has basically established a framework system of decorative patterns in traditional architecture in Canton.Combined with the artistic expressive power and decorative status and function of common patterns in Canton,they are divided into thematic ornaments and auxiliary ornaments.Theme ornaments include Acanthus,honeysuckle ornament,curlicue ornament,Ruyi ornament,dragon ornament,Kui dragon ornament,Bogu ornament,passionflower ornament,cross ornament and so on.Among them,Kuilong ornament and curlicue ornament are the most widely used.The auxiliary ornaments include lotus petal ornament,bead ornament,zigzag ornament,embossed ornament,square tooth ornament,petal-shaped opening,etc.In addition,there are two kinds of border ornaments that are formed by repeating the arrangement of motifs,and it is inferred that they are related to the ornaments of the same composition form in ancient Greece and ancient Egypt.Since the pattern is one of the important parts of the decorative motif library in Canton,it complements the ornament,so it also summarizes the types of patterns.Among them,the mixed use of the three types of patterns of Siyi Yaji,Buddha Eight Treasures,and Dark Eight Immortals in architectural decoration reflects the culture of multi-religious beliefs in Canton.By summarizing the kinds of ornaments and patterns common in traditional architecture in Canton,a preliminary decoration motif library is constructed.Finally,ornanments are conducted some panel discussions,and summarized their cultural characteristics and potential capabilities.From this,it discusses the two aspects of the structural prototype and ornament types of the brickwork mosaic ornament,the comparison between the traditional architecture in Canton and the ornaments of furniture in the Qing Dynasty.By trying to discover the compatible cultural characteristics of decorative ornaments in Canton,clarifies the universality of ornamets across planes and three-dimensional,across materials,across decorations and components,and even across categories,reflecting their potential capabilities.Through the above-mentioned research work,the realization of the knowledge supplement of architectural historical materials is conducive to deepening the understanding and taste of the traditional architecture in Canton,and provides a certain basis for architectural appraisal and repair.