Study On Evacuation Rules And Evacuation Strategy Optimization In Typical Regions Of Buildings

In this paper,we systematically studied evacuation rules and evacuation strategy optimization of building's typical regions using a variety of methods,in order to provide scientific support for establishing and improving emergency evacuation plans and optimizing the design of building's evacuation structure.Firstly,after choosing a real earthquake monitoring video,we studied personnel emergency response capacity,export ratio,outlet flow and evacuation movement time under emergency in a classroom with multi-obstacles.The results show that whether students can hide in time or not is up to the teacher's timely response to the earthquake and guidance of self-help.Apparent behavior of leader-following appears and position of the teacher occupied as well as evacuation direction lead directly to the students' apparently unbalanced export ratio.Overall,outlet flow per unit time of each classroom follows similar rule of increasing to peak before reducing,and the trend of flow variation is related to the classroom's seating arrangement,initial personnel distribution and the position and behavior of the evacuation leader.Number of evacuees and evacuation time follow linear growth relationship.Evacuation movement time presents fluctuate increase with the distance from initial position to export.Secondly,using Pathfinder software to simulate factors like door's open angle,stair's corner and type on the efficiency of evacuation,in order to optimize evacuation conditions.As to a room whose door is open towards inside,the best open angle is 135° for a single leaf and 105°?135° for double leafs.When double run stair's corner is more than 1350,evacuation time will greatly increase.Normally,scissors type stair has the fastest evacuation speed,double points' parallel stair and single run stair are close and much slower,while the double run parallel stair is the slowest.However,when there is an obstacle among the stairs,double run parallel stair adapts the best,while scissors type stair adapts the worst.Finally,a way of collaborative evacuation combining stairways with elevators is established,which means elevators only stop at ground floor and one direct floor.Evacuees who occupy the direct floor and floors upstairs take elevators.with evacuees who occupy floors below the direct floor take stairways.After using mathematical modeling to explain the collaborative evacuation,we can immediately calculate the optimal floor elevators stop at with the least evacuation time using programming method.Based on this,we continue the research of some parameters on the optimized condition of the collaborative evacuation,such as amount of evacuees,buildings' total floors,elevators' maximum capacity and average velocity.The results show that the optimal floor elevators stop at has nothing to do with amount of evacuees.The optimal floor elevators stop at and amount of evacuees meet certain linear growth.With the increase of elevators' maximum capacity and average velocity,the optimal floor elevators stop at turns out to be a step down.Collaborative evacuation time and amount of evacuees meet certain linear growth,as well as building's total floors.Collaborative evacuation time reduces fluctuant,which is relevant with the optimal floor elevators stop at.